Table 4. Overview of studies providing data on KRAS status of primary tumour and related metastasis.
| Author study | Year | No. of pts | Analysed metastatic site | Method | KRAS mutation in PT (%) | KRAS mutation in PT, WT in M | KRAS WT in PT, mutation in M | Total percentage of discordance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albanase | 2004 | 30 | Liver | SSCP analysis | 14 (47%) | 5/14 (36%) | 4/16 (25%) | 9/30 (30%) |
| Al-Mulla | 1998 | 26 | Liver | ASO/direct seq | 10 (38%) | 2/10 (20%) | 3/16 (19%) | 5/26 (19%) |
| 31 | Lymph node | ASO/direct seq | 10 (32%) | 1/10 (10%) | 5/21 (24%) | 6/31 (19%) | ||
| Artale | 2008 | 48 | Diverse, 81% liver | Direct seq | 11 (23%) | 1/11 (9%) | 2/37 (5%) | 3/48 (6%) |
| Baldus | 2010 | 20 | Visceral metastasis | Direct seq | 9 (45%) | 1/9 (11%) | 1/11 (9%) | 2/20 (10%) |
| 55 | Lymph node | Direct seq | 29 (53%) | 15/29 (52%) | 2/26 (8%) | 17/55 (31%) | ||
| Cejas | 2010 | 93 | Liver | Direct seq | 30 (32%) | 1/30 (3%) | 4/63 (6%) | 5/93 (5%) |
| 17 | Lung | Direct seq | 10 (59%) | 1/10 (10%) | 1/7 (14%) | 2/17 (12%) | ||
| Etienne-Grimaldi | 2008 | 48 | Liver biopsy | PCR-RFLP | 16 (33%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Italiano | 2009 | 59 | Not specified | Seq | 23 (39%) | 1/23 (4%) | 2/36 (6%) | 3/59 (5%) |
| Losi | 1992 | 19 | Local recurrence | Multiplex-ASPCR | 12 (63%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| 16 | Metastasis, 38% liver | Multiplex-ASPCR | 13 (81%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Loupakis | 2009 | 43 | Liver | Seq | Not mentioned | 0 (0%) | 2/* | 2/43 (5%) |
| Molinari | 2009 | 37 | Diverse, 74% liver | Seq | 16 (43%) | 2/16 (13%) | 1/21 (5%) | 3/37 (8%) |
| 15 | Lymph node | Seq | 8 (53%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | ||
| Oliveira | 2006 | 28 | Lymph node | Not mentioned | 18 (64%) | 2/18 (11%) | 7/10 (70%) | 9/28 (32%) |
| Oudejans | 1991 | 31 | Liver and lung | Hybridization | 14 (45%) | 1/14 (7%) | 1/17 (6%) | 2/31 (6%) |
| Perrone | 2008 | 10 | Diverse, mainly liver | Direct seq | 2 (20%) | 1/2 (50%) | 1/8 (13%) | 2/10 (20%) |
| Santini | 2008 | 99 | Diverse, 80% liver | Seq | 38 (38%) | 3/38 (8%) | 1/61 (2%) | 4/99 (4%) |
| Garm Spindler | 2009 | 31 | Not specified | qPCR | 11 (35%) | 2/11 (18%) | 0/20 (0%) | 2/31 (6%) |
| Suchy | 1992 | 58 | Autopsy material, not specified | Dot-blot hybridization | 15 (26%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Weber | 2006 | 36 | Liver | Seq | 14 (39%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Zauber | 2003 | 42 | Diverse, 93% lymph node, 5% liver | SCCP analysis + seq | 22 (52%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
| Overall | 892 | All sites | All methods | 345/849 (41%) | 39/345 (11%) | 35/504 (7%) | 76/892 (9%) | |
| 276 | Liver | All methods | 84/233 (36%) | 8/84 (10%) | 11/149 (7%) | 21/276 (8%) | ||
| 129 | Lymph nodes | All methods | 65/129 (50%) | 18/65 (28%) | 14/64 (22%) | 32/129 (25%) |
Abbreviations: ASO=allele-specific oligonucleotide; ASPCR=allele-specific polymerase chain reaction; M=metastasis; pts=patients; PT=primary tumour; qPCR= quantitative PCR; RFLP=restriction fragment length polymorphism; SSCP=single strand conformational polymorphism; seq=sequencing. *Total number of cases not specified.