TABLE 3.

Descriptive statistics and reliability of parent form Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ-PF50) scales

		Case (N=143)			Control (N=143)
	# of items	Cronbach’s alpha	Observed Mean (SD)	Age adjusted norms	Cronbach’s alpha	Observed Mean (SD)	Age adjusted norms
Physical function *	6	0.93	94.8 (13.6)	96.1	0.89	98.4 (6.0)	96.0 §
Role/Social limitations – physical *	2	0.97	93.2 (18.7)	93.3	0.83	98.3 (7.3)	93.6 §
Role/Social limitations – emotional/ behavioral *	3	0.97	84.5 (29.1)	91.9 ‡	0.88	95.5 (14.8)	92.1 ‡
Mental health *	5	0.81	77.8 (16.2)	77.7	0.68	82.1 (11.7)	78.2 §
Self-esteem	6	0.85	78.1 (19.4)	77.9	0.87	80.4 (18.7)	78.8
Behavior *	5	0.84	74.4 (18.9)	75.6	0.83	79.4 (16.4)	75.5 ‡
Bodily pain/ discomfort	2	0.91	81.0 (19.8)	81.7	0.93	83.4 (18.9)	81.6
General health perceptions *	5	0.70	71.9 (17.1)	72.8	0.60	79.8 (14.5)	72.9 §
Family activities *	6	0.94	81.7 (21.8)	89.7 §	0.89	87.2 (15.9)	89.9 †
Family cohesion *	1	-	70.4 (22.7)	71.2	-	72.7 (20.7)	71.6
Global behavior *	1	-	76.4 (25.0)	-	-	80.8 (20.6)	-
Global general health *	1	-	85.0 (17.7)	-	-	90.1 (12.2)	-
Parent impact on time *	3	0.80	86.5 (22.7)	87.4	0.73	95.0 (12.8)	87.7 §
Parent emotional impact *	3	0.74	70.5 (26.2)	80.0 §	0.60	82.6 (19.1)	80.3
Summary scores (T-scores)
Physical summary score *	-	-	52.2 (8.4)	53.1	-	55.4 (5.3)	53.1 §
Psychosocial summary score *	-	-	49.0 (12.0)	50.7	-	53.3 (7.9)	51.0 ‡

Note: All HRQOL scale scores range from 0 (worst) to 100 (best), except for the physical and psychosocial summary scores, which are T-scores (mean = 50, SD = 10) calculated against a reference population (Landgraf, 1996).

Sensitivity analysis excluding 29 complicated cases resulted in similar findings except that global behavior no longer significantly different.

^*Significant differences between cases and controls observed means p≤ 0.05 (see Figure 1b)

^†p≤ 0.05

^‡p≤ 0.01

^§p≤ 0.0001