Table 2.

Diseases thought to be associated with GI barrier and GI microbiota^a

Location	Diseases for which the GI barrier plays a central role in pathogenesis	Diseases associated with an altered composition or function of the GI microbiota
Intestinal	Infectious diarrhoea [26,36] Inflammatory bowel disease [130-132] Coeliac disease [131] Irritable bowel syndrome [133]	Inflammatory bowel disease [138,139] Coeliac disease [140] Irritable bowel syndrome [141,142]
Extraintestinal	Allergic diseases [20,134,135] Autoimmune diseases and arthritis [17] Obesity, fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [35,136,137] Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and sepsis in ICU patients [36,37] Malnutrition [40]	Allergic diseases [143,144] Arthritis [145] Obesity [125]

^aGI, gastrointestinal; ICU, intensive care unit.