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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pain. 2011 Apr;152(4):866–877. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.01.003

Table 4.

Writing Sample: Baseline and Follow-up Values of Outcome Measures for the Disclosure and Control Groups (Combined, Positive, Neutral), and Results of Analysis of Covariance at Each Follow-up Point

Variable / Time Point Disclosure M (SD) Combined Control M (SD) Disclosure v. Combined Control p-value Positive Control M (SD) Disclosure v. Positive Control p-value Neutral Control M (SD) Disclosure v. Neutral Control p-value
Sensory Pain
    Baseline 0.75 (0.53) 0.83 (0.68) 0.91 (0.68) 0.75 (0.69)
    1-month 0.56 (0.57) 0.89 (0.72) .04 0.90 (0.85) .21 0.88 (0.61) .045
    3-month 0.71 (0.59) 0.68 (0.63) .64 0.80 (0.74) .89 0.56 (0.50) .36
    6-month 0.59 (0.52) 0.83 (0.76) .17 0.99 (0.84) .09 0.68 (0.65) .59
Affective Pain
    Baseline 0.41 (0.52) 0.39 (0.63) 0.39 (0.69) 0.39 (0.59)
    1-month 0.40 (0.59) 0.55 (0.62) .23 0.53 (0.68) .43 0.57 (0.58) .28
    3-month 0.31 (0.43) 0.41 (0.57) .35 0.52 (0.76) .16 0.30 (0.28) .96
    6-month 0.24 (0.35) 0.51 (0.66) .02 0.60 (0.75) .02 0.43 (0.56) .09
Physical dysfunction
    Baseline 2.14 (0.61) 2.33 (0.74) 2.35 (0.78) 2.32 (0.73)
    1-month 2.12 (0.65) 2.06 (0.77) .09 2.05 (0.69) .14 2.07 (0.85) .15
    3-month 2.03 (0.65) 2.13 (0.77) .81 2.20 (0.89) .99 2.07 (0.65) .74
    6-month 1.94 (0.61) 2.22 (0.81) .16 2.25 (0.77) .22 2.19 (0.87) .26
Affective dysfunction
    Baseline 2.46 (0.90) 2.41 (0.68) 2.44 (0.67) 2.37 (0.71)
    1-month 2.36 (0.81) 2.18 (0.66) .37 2.27 (0.70) .72 2.12 (0.65) .29
    3-month 2.43 (0.88) 2.28 (0.69) .42 2.44 (0.72) .90 2.13 (0.65) .16
    6-month 2.39 (0.86) 2.35 (0.66) .95 2.44 (0.73) .70 2.26 (0.59) .62
Pain Behavior
    Baseline 14.68 (9.30) 13.40 (8.96) 12.60 (9.43) 14.16 (8.68)
    1-month 13.17 (8.86) 12.00 (8.27) .81 11.52 (8.12) .72 12.43 (8.62) .92
    3-month 10.55 (7.28) 12.02 (6.66) .17 10.60 (7.28) .62 13.21 (6.03) .12
    6-month 14.83 (10.11) 14.53 (7.48) .90 15.50 (8.09) .57 13.61 (6.95) .75
Grip strength
    Baseline 219.11 (119.61) 223.14 (123.76) 238.79 (111.54) 208.32 (135.67)
    1-month 226.93 (120.78) 232.24 (123.27) .73 243.06 (111.84) .88 223.13 (134.49) .72
    3-month 245.56 (117.66) 225.10 (129.80) .07 223.68 (123.77) .02 226.45 (138.66) .45
    6-month 232.04 (117.54) 223.11 (113.19) .44 235.83 (109.64) .53 211.05 (118.14) .47
Walking time
    Baseline 15.92 (7.80) 15.88 (5.54) 15.40 (6.40) 16.33 (4.72)
    1-month 15.24 (6.78) 15.16 (5.28) .96 15.10 (6.46) .93 15.23 (4.08) .99
    3-month 14.98 (6.08) 15.94 (6.96) .37 16.27 (8.77) .35 15.56 (4.13) .57
    6-month 13.70 (3.44) 16.50 (5.07) .14 15.26 (3.60) .88 17.43 (5.89) .05
Swollen joint count
    Baseline 4.47 (5.17) 4.92 (4.90) 4.39 (4.53) 5.42 (5.29)
    1-month 3.00 (4.08) 4.21 (5.07) .32 2.47 (2.95) .59 5.58 (5.98) .08
    3-month 2.89 (3.95) 3.64 (4.78) .54 2.28 (3.97) .55 5.00 (5.22) .13
    6-month 3.61 (4.22) 3.92 (3.86) .81 4.39 (3.97) .49 3.47 (3.81) .80
Physician global rating
    Baseline 30.10 (19.30) 29.77 (18.25) 25.93 (15.23) 33.41 (20.45)
    1-month 24.60 (21.60) 24.52 (20.75) .98 18.67 (15.02) .55 29.39 (23.86) .70
    3-month 19.44 (14.91) 22.09 (18.51) .42 19.56 (18.92) .76 24.76 (18.25) .31
    6-month 23.69 (21.58) 25.46 (17.69) .70 30.65 (18.21) .20 20.56 (16.25) .52
Erythrocyte sed rate
    Baseline 46.06 (20.56) 35.15 (23.73) 39.75 (25.66) 30.82 (21.63)
    1-month 49.03 (22.79) 37.48 (29.40) .56 41.23 (31.26) .66 34.44 (28.46) .96
    3-month 40.00 (21.72) 31.65 (27.38) .96 38.14 (30.61) .57 26.29 (24.03) .41
    6-month 46.37 (18.19) 30.50 (23.57) .27 40.09 (29.73) .66 23.47 (15.33) .008

Note: Baseline data are from only those participants who provided follow-up data (n = 74 participants in the writing sample).