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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Exp Child Psychol. 2011 Feb 26;109(3):353–370. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2011.01.006

Table 2.

Mean Accuracy in Percentage and Latency in Milliseconds (and Standard Errors) as a Function of Transition Cues, Task Cues, Trial Type, Dimension, and Recall Group.

Transition Cues Trial Type Dimension Accuracy (%)
Latency (ms)
Arbitrary Task Cues Transparent Task Cues Arbitrary Task Cues Transparent Task Cues

Successful Recall Failed Recall Successful Recall Failed Recall Successful Recall Failed Recall Successful Recall Failed Recall


No Transition Cues
 Simple-block trials Color 86.9 (5.7) 92.8 (5.7) 83.6 (5,7) 92.3 (5.7) 1366 (201) 1495 (201) 1281 (210) 1325 (222)
Shape 97 (3.8) 92.9 (3.8) 91.4 (3.8) 84.5 (3.8) 1759 (139) 1325 (139) 1415 (145) 1396 (153)
 No-Switch trials Color 91 (4.6) 87.9 (4.6) 86.9 (4.6) 81.6 (4.6) 2425 (213) 2050 (213) 2294 (223) 1854 (235)
Shape 95.8 (6.5) 76.1 (6.6) 80.2 (6.5) 88 (6.5) 2275 (212) 2553 (212) 2404 (222) 2103 (234)
 Switch trials Color 76.2 (6.4) 75 (6.4) 77.4 (6.4) 70.4 (6.4) 2917 (338) 3431 (338) 2960 (355) 2238 (374)
Shape 80.9 (8.1) 64.3 (8.1) 75 (8.1) 76 (8.1) 3035 (245) 3543 (245) 3151 (257) 2355 (271)
Arbitrary Transition Cues
 Simple-block trials Color 96.4 (3.7) 88.5 (3.7) 97.6 (3.7) 90.5 (3.7) 1321 (142) 1337 (142) 1305 (149) 1509 (157)
Shape 91.1 (4.9) 95.8 (4.9) 82.4 (4.9) 94.6 (4.9) 1533 (194) 1627 (194) 1719 (204) 1440 (215)
 No-Switch trials Color 83.7 (5.1) 73.6 (5.1) 89.3 (5.1) 90.9 (5.1) 2430 (246) 2405 (246) 2072 (258) 1901 (272)
Shape 83.9 (5.8) 68.3 (5.8) 84.8 (5.8) 87.5 (5.8) 2795 (303) 2925 (303) 2307 (318) 2450 (335)
 Switch trials Color 84.3 (6.3) 65.1 (6.3) 85.7 (6.3) 76.2 (6.3) 3005 (305) 3500 (305) 2667 (320) 2589 (337)
Shape 85.2 (5.3) 71.2 (5.3) 85.5 (5.3) 83.3 (5.3) 3434 (413) 3785 (413) 3209 (433) 2605 (457)
Transparent Transition Cues
 Simple-block trials Color 96.4 (4.1) 91.1 (4.1) 88.7 (4.1) 88.1 (4.1) 1284 (93) 1239 (93) 1220 (97) 1283 (103)
Shape 95.8 (4.8) 93.5 (4.8) 91.4 (4.8) 81.5 (4.8) 1471 (181) 1565 (181) 1476 (190) 1397 (200)
 No-Switch trials Color 93.4 (5.7) 83.5 (5.7) 88.5 (5.7) 82.7 (5.7) 2189 (212) 2327 (212) 1790 (223) 2315 (235)
Shape 89.3 (4.5) 85.1 (4.5) 92.1 (4.5) 91.9 (4.5) 2433 (253) 2548 (253) 2053 (265) 2248 (279)
 Switch trials Color 86.9 (5.8) 74.4 (5.8) 86 (5.8) 86.9 (5.8) 2560 (365) 3314 (364) 2514 (382) 2724 (402)
Shape 83.1 (5.6) 76.8 (5.6) 84.3 (5.6) 82.9 (5.6) 3025 (308) 3345 (308) 2741 (323) 2876 (341)