Table 3.
Relative risk of total breast cancer by quintiles of HCA, MDM and meat intake in women in the Nurses Health Study (1996–2006)
|
Quintile HCA Intake (ng/day)/Mutagenic Activity (revertants/day) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | P trend | |
| Total Breast Cancer | ||||||
| Total red meat (1994–2002 FFQ) | ||||||
| Cases/Person-years | 545/120309 | 368/85940 | 484/115049 | 472/107388 | 448/104932 | |
| Multivariate RR† | 1 | 0.94 (0.82–1.08) | 0.94 (0.83–1.06) | 0.99 (0.87–1.13) | 0.95 (0.83–1.09) | 0.70 |
| Total white meat (1994–2002 FFQ) | ||||||
| Cases/Person-years | 597/133118 | 330/74700 | 484/109534 | 474/113775 | 432/102491 | |
| Multivariate RR† | 1 | 1.04 (0.90–1.19) | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 0.93 (0.82–1.05) | 0.96 (0.84–1.10) | 0.25 |
| Processed meat (1994–2002 FFQ) | ||||||
| Cases/Person-years | 478/102900 | 474/106129 | 424/101376 | 451/113297 | 490/108916 | |
| Multivariate RR† | 1 | 0.99 (0.87–1.12) | 0.94 (0.82–1.07) | 0.88 (0.77–1.01) | 0.98 (0.86–1.12) | 0.74 |
| Total MeIQx | ||||||
| Cases/Person-years | 491/106844 | 469/106911 | 443/106717 | 462/106677 | 452/106469 | |
| Multivariate RR† | 1 | 0.95 (0.83–1.08) | 0.90 (0.79 –1.02) | 0.94 (0.82–1.07) | 0.90 (0.79–1.03) | 0.23 |
| Total PhIP | ||||||
| Cases/Person-years | 482/106864 | 475/106622 | 459/106735 | 475106712 | 426/106686 | |
| Multivariate RR† | 1 | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 1.00 (0.88–1.14) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 0.20 |
| Total DiMeIQx | ||||||
| Cases/Person-years | 479/107220 | 487/106420 | 457/106712 | 453/106331 | 441/106935 | |
| Multivariate RR† | 1 | 1.01 (0.89–1.14) | 0.97 (0.85–1.10) | 0.95 (0.83–1.10) | 0.92 (0.80–1.05) | 0.16 |
| Meat derived mutagenic activity | ||||||
| Cases/Person-years | 459/106823 | 494/106745 | 460/106719 | 457/106649 | 447/106682 | |
| Multivariate RR† | 1 | 1.08 (0.95–1.23) | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) | 1.01 (0.88–1.15) | 0.98 (0.85–1.12) | 0.38 |
Numbers in parenthesis next to RR are 95% confidence intervals
Multivariate models adjusted for age in month (continuous), smoking status (never, past, current 1–14 cigarettes/day, current 15–24 cigarettes/day, current >=25 cigarettes/day), BMI (kg/m2: <25, 25–<30, >=30), height (inches <63, 63–<64, 64–<66, >=66),), physical activity (hours per week: <1, 1–<2, 2–<4, 4–<7, >=7), age at menarche (years <=12, 13, >=14), family history of breast cancer (yes, no), history of benign breast disease (yes, no), parity and age at first birth (nulliparous, 1–2 children and age at first birth <25 years, 1–2 children and age at first birth 25–<30 years, 1–2 children and age at first birth >=30 years, 3–4 children and age at first birth <25 years, 3–4 children and age at first birth 25–<30 years, 3–4 children and age at first birth >=30 years, 5–8 children and age at first birth <25 years, 5–8 children and age at first birth 25–<30 years, postmenopausal hormone use (never, current, past), weight change 1996–2006 (<−2 kg, −2 to +2 kg, +2.1 kg to +5 kg, +5.1 kg to +10 kg, +10.1 to +20 kg, +20.1 kg to +25 kg, >=+25.1 kg), total calorie and alcohol intake (continuous)