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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2012 Apr 6.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Res. 2011 Jan 22;1383:1–12. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.01.038

FIGURE 5. Effects of Aβ1–42 Oligomers and E2 on Hippocampal Spine Density and Spine Type.

FIGURE 5

A) E2 (10 nM) increased mushroom- and long-thin-type spine density [0.35 ± 0.03 spines/µm and 0.77 ± 0.035 spines/µm, respectively]. Soluble Aβ1–42 oligomer (0.5 µM) treatment reduced mushroom-type spine density (0.07 ± 0.005 spines/µm). E2 (10 nM) treatment ameliorates Aβ-induced mushroom-type spine density loss (0.15 ± 0.01 spines/µm). B) KN-93, but not U0126, inhibits an E2-induced increase in mushroom-type spine density (E2, 0.59 ± 0.02 spines/µm, E2 and KN-93, 0.20 ± 0.02 spines/µm). Data are mean ± SD. ***, p<0.001, versus control or groups connected by bars as determined by two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni Test, n=6 (3 independent experiments).