Teleomorph groups (Booth 1959,
Brayford & Samuels 1993,
Samuels & Brayford 1994)
|
–
|
N. rugulosa-group
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N. mammoidea /veuillotiana-groups
|
N. radicicola-group
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N. coccinea-group
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Anamorph groups (Booth 1966)
|
–
|
|
Group 2
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Group 3
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Groups 1 & 4
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Arrangement of perithecia on substrate
|
Teleomorph unknown
|
Perithecia, formed on, or sometimes partially immersed within a stroma
|
Perithecia solitary or in groups, superficial, sometimes seated on an immersed
inconspicuous stroma
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Generally solitary and loosely attached to substrate
|
Perithecia clustered on wood, generally seated on an erumpent stroma
|
Perithecial apex
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–
|
Non-papillate
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Most species with a prominent, areolate (darkened) papilla, if not, then at
least with a darkly pigmented apex
|
Broadly conical papilla
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Blunt or acute apex, rarely papillate
|
Perithecial wall
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–
|
Warted, 50–150 μm thick; outer region, including warts, of
thick-walled (3–4 μm), globose, 10–20 μm diam; perithecial
wall merging with surrounding stroma
|
Smooth or sometimes warted, 20–50 (–100) μm thick; outer region
of intertwined hyphae or cells lacking a definite outline, i.e. textura
epidermoidea
|
Generally smooth to slightly roughened, 35–50 μm thick; outer region
of thin-walled, globose, large cells
|
Generally smooth and shiny, sometimes scurfy, 35–50 μm thick; outer
region of small, angular to globose, thick-walled cells (textura
epidermoidea in one species)
|
Ascospores
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–
|
1-septate, striate
|
Generally 1-septate, smooth, rarely spinulose or striate
|
1-septate, smooth
|
1-septate, smooth or finely ornamented
|
Macroconidia shape
|
Fusiform, curved, often broadest at upper third, with rounded apical cells and
flattened or rounded basal cells, inconspicuous hilum
|
Fusiform, curved, tapering towards ends (almost Fusarium-like),
inconspicuous hilum
|
Fusiform, curved, often broadest at upper third, with rounded apical cells and
flattened or rounded basal cells, inconspicuous hilum
|
Cylindrical, straight, rounded ends, prominent basal hilum
|
Cylindrical, generally straight, sometimes slightly curved toward ends, with
rounded ends (except in one species, N. fuckeliana, which has
fusiform straight conidia with pointed ends); inconspicuous hilum
|
Macroconidia septation
|
(1–) 3–5 (–6)-septate, average 4 septa
|
(3–) 5–7 (–9)-septate
|
(3–) 5–7 (–9)-septate, average 5
|
1–3-septate, rarely > 3-septate
|
3–7 (–9)-septate, average 5-septate
|
Macroconidia size
|
(24–) 35–60 (–62) × 6.5–9 μm
|
(35–) 48–85 × 5–10 μm
|
(35–) 40–90 (–110) × 4–8 (–11) μm
|
25–50 (–55) × 5–7.5 μm
|
35–65 (–110) × 4–7 (–8) μm
|
Microconidia shape
|
Absent
|
Ovoid to cylindrical, hilum inconspicuous
|
Microconidia rare (seen only on natural substrate)
|
Ellipsoidal, prominent basal hilum
|
Ellipsoidal to oblong, inconspicuous hilum
|
Microconidia size
|
Absent
|
(3–) 5–15 (–20) × 2–5 μm
|
–
|
3–15 × 2.5–5 (–6) μm
|
(2–) 6–10 (–15) × (1–) 2–5 (–6)
μm
|
Chlamydospores
|
Uncommon
|
Absent
|
Uncommon (except in T. olida = C. olidum)
|
Abundant, generally intercalary, single or in chains, becoming brownish
|
Present in some species
|
Substrate
|
Pathogenic on roots and stems of grapevines
|
On bark of recently killed, dying or diseased trees, often causing cankers
|
On bark of recently killed, dying or diseased trees, often causing small
cankers, sometimes on rotting roots
|
Generally a root pathogen. Anamorph common in the soil. Perithecia found
mostly on decaying herbaceous material, sometimes branches or roots.
|
Generally on bark, sometimes causing cankers
|
Geographic distribution
|
South Africa, Uruguay
|
Widespread
|
Widespread, but more common in tropical regions
|
Widespread
|
Mostly in temperate regions
|