Fig. (3).
Dendritic cell defects with advanced age. Arrows (↑, ↓ or ↔) denote increased, decreased or unaltered levels in the aged compared to the young. Abbreviations: mDC, myleiod dendritic cell; MDDC, monocyte-derived dendritic cell; pDC, plasmacytoid dendritic cell; LC, Langerhan’s cell; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PI3K, Phosphoinositide-3 kinase; AKT, serine/threonine kinase; MIP, macrophage inflammatory protein; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL, interleukin; ssRNA, single-stranded ribonucleic acid; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IRF, interferon regulation factor; HSV, herpes simplex virus.