Table 4.
Intake of fruits, vegetables, and foods contributing to fiber during adolescence and relative risk (95% confidence interval) of proliferative BBD in NHSII
| Exposures | Level of Intake | P trend | Per 1 serving/day |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fruits | |||||||
| Intake (servings/day) | <1.5 | 1.5-<2.5 | 2.5-<3.5 | ≥3.5 | |||
| No. of combined BBD casesa/pysb | 229/86391 | 213/80620 | 156/52307 | 84/40510 | |||
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.21) | 1.14 (0.92, 1.42) | 0.79 (0.60, 1.04) | 0.32 | 0.97 (0.92, 1.03) | |
| Vegetables | |||||||
| Intake (servings/day) | <1.5 | 1.5-<2.5 | 2.5-<3.5 | ≥3.5 | |||
| No. of combined BBD casesa/pysb | 124/47946 | 217/82769 | 176/63164 | 165/65949 | |||
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 1.03 (0.82, 1.29) | 1.09 (0.86, 1.39) | 0.97 (0.76, 1.26) | 0.80 | 0.99 (0.94, 1.04) | |
| Fruits and vegetables | |||||||
| Intake (servings/day) | <3 | 3-<4 | 4-<5 | 5-<6 | ≥6 | ||
| No. of combined BBD casesa/pysb | 142/55326 | 124/46723 | 126/45914 | 109/37068 | 181/74797 | ||
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 1.04 (0.81, 1.33) | 1.09 (0.85, 1.40) | 1.16 (0.89, 1.50) | 0.96 (0.75, 1.23) | 0.67 | 0.99 (0.95, 1.02) |
| Apples | |||||||
| Intake (one) | <1/month | 1–3/month | 1/week | 2–4/week | ≥5/week | ||
| No. of combined BBD casesa/pysb | 51/12065 | 140/52186 | 181/73287 | 254/96149 | 56/26140 | ||
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 0.62 (0.45, 0.86) | 0.57 (0.42, 0.79) | 0.63 (0.46, 0.85) | 0.52 (0.35, 0.77) | 0.17 | 0.77 (0.57, 1.05) |
| Oranges/grapefruit | |||||||
| Intake (one/1/2) | <1/month | 1–3/month | 1/week | ≥2/week | |||
| No. of combined BBD casesa/pysb | 76/28210 | 217/79267 | 206/74602 | 183/77749 | |||
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 1.01 (0.78, 1.32) | 1.04 (0.79, 1.35) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.17) | 0.17 | 0.93 (0.67, 1.27) | |
| Bananas | |||||||
| Intake (one) | <1/month | 1–3/month | 1/week | ≥2/week | |||
| No. of combined BBD casesa/pysb | 53/19870 | 178/65213 | 219/82705 | 232/92039 | |||
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 1.05 (0.77, 1.42) | 1.02 (0.75, 1.38) | 0.98 (0.72, 1.33) | 0.57 | 0.95 (0.67, 1.35) | |
| Beans/lentils | |||||||
| Intake (1/2 cup) | <1/month | 1–3/month | 1/week | ≥2/week | |||
| No. of combined BBD casesa/pysb | 214/74602 | 210/80636 | 187/74081 | 71/30509 | |||
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 0.92 (0.76, 1.12) | 0.87 (0.72, 1.07) | 0.81 (0.62, 1.07) | 0.13 | 0.65 (0.39, 1.06) | |
| Peas or lima beans | |||||||
| Intake (1/2 cup) | <1/month | 1–3/month | 1/week | ≥2/week | |||
| No. of combined BBD casesa/pysb | 103/41683 | 131/46564 | 281/111269 | 167/60312 | |||
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 1.09 (0.84, 1.41) | 0.96 (0.77, 1.21) | 1.08 (0.84, 1.39) | 0.57 | 1.05 (0.66, 1.67) | |
| Cold breakfast cereal | |||||||
| Intake (1 bowl) | <1/month | 1/month-1/week | 2–4/week | 5–6/week | ≥1/day | ||
| No. of combined BBD casesa/pysb | 109/37632 | 118/49711 | 251/94868 | 117/45671 | 87/31947 | ||
| Multivariate HR (95% CI)c | 1.00 (ref) | 0.85 (0.65, 1.10) | 0.94 (0.75, 1.19) | 0.94 (0.72, 1.22) | 1.04 (0.78, 1.39) | 0.46 | 1.08 (0.90, 1.30) |
a
682 cases of proliferative BBD (with or without atypia) were diagnosed during the follow-up period 1991–2001.
b
pys: person-years.
c
The multivariate models are adjusted the same way as in Table 2.