The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade in acute myeloid leukemia, and relevant targeted therapies. BAD—bcl-2 antagonist of cell death; CDK2—cyclin-dependent kinase 2; EGFR—epidermal growth factor receptor; PDK1—phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1; PIP2—phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate; PIP3—phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphos phate; TSC1, TSC2—tuberous sclerosis proteins 1 and 2; VEGF—vascular endothelial growth factor.