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. 2011 Jan 27;32(4):561–567. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgr010

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3.

Effect of I3C and silibinin, alone or in combination, on the multiplicity and growth of NNK-induced lung tumors and the expression of growth- and apoptosis-related proteins in the tumor tissues. (A) Differential effects of I3C and silibinin on the growth of larger tumors. The size of surface tumors on lungs of mice was estimated using the calibrated scale in the eyepiece of a dissecting microscope. Each tumor was assigned to one of the following categories: <0.5, 0.5–1, >1 but <2 and >2 mm. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.001. (B) Images of representative cross-sections of lung tissues from mice treated with NNK alone, NNK plus I3C, NNK plus silibinin, NNK plus I3C plus silibinin or vehicle. The numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4 represent pulmonary hyperplastic foci, adenoma, adenoma with cellular pleomorphism and adenocarcinoma, respectively. (C) Effect of I3C and silibinin, alone or in combination, on the expression of p-Akt, p-ERK, cyclin D1 and cleaved PARP in lung tumor tissues of mice treated with NNK.