Table 3.
Summary of covariate analysis examining relationship of combined alcohol and other drug withdrawal and dependence symptoms with neuropsychological performance over 10 years. Values are unstandardized B coefficients (and standard errors).
| WISC/WAISa | List A: Trial 1 | CVLTb | Recognition Discriminability | ROCFc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arithmetic | Short Delay Free Recall | Long Delay Free Recall | 30-minute Delayed Recall | |||
| Substance Withdrawal (past 3 mo.) | ||||||
| Log Likelihood | −2277.15 | −2166.59 | −2254.96 | −2186.06 | −3002.72 | −380.58 |
| Wald Chi2 | 33.59 | 96.65 | 80.12 | 77.01 | 23.11 | 10.89 |
| Model P value | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0000 | 0.0003 | 0.0278 |
| Time (months) | −.026(.01)** | .046(.006)** | .045(.006)** | .046(.006)** | .050(.013)** | −.036(.029) |
| Time2 | .0002(.00005)** | .0004(.00005)** | .0004(.00005)** | .0004(.0001)** | −.0004(.0001)** | − |
| Substance Withdrawal | −.023(.014) | −.007(.014) | −.007(.001) | −.007(.014) | .042(.031) | −.16(.24) |
| Substance Withdrawal x Time | −.001(.001) | −.003(.001)* | −.0002(.0001)* | −.003(.001)* | −.011(.003)** | .032(.028) |
| Substance Withdrawal x Time2 | .0001(.0001) | .0001(.0001) | .0001(.001) | .0001(.0001) | .0001(.00003)** | − |
| Constant | 10.84(.20)** | 7.50(.16)** | 11.65(.21)** | 7.57(.165)** | 95.29(.38)** | 12.07(1.90)** |
| WMS Visual Reproduction c | - | - | - | - | - | .54(.19)** |
| Random Effects: Participant | 2.18 | 1.53 | 2.27 | 1.51 | 3.48 | 3.93 |
| Substance Dependence (past 3 mo.) | ||||||
| Log Likelihood | −1901.27 | −1815.29 | −1885.64 | −1832.32 | −2528.91 | −380.20 |
| Wald Chi2 | 52.24 | 60.66 | 61.45 | 42.60 | 16.96 | 10.65 |
| Model P value | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0046 | 0.0308 |
| Time | −.030(.008)** | .040(.007)** | .048(.007)** | .039(.007)** | .056(.017)** | −.034(.031) |
| Time2 | .0002(.0001)** | −.0004(.0001)** | −.0004(.0001)** | .0003(.0001)** | −.0005(.0001)** | − |
| Substance Dependence | .035(.047) | −.021(.045) | −.016(.047) | −.021(.043) | .001(.104) | −.223(.325) |
| Substance Dependence x Time | −.004(.002) | −.003(.002) | −.002(.002) | −.002(.002) | −.009(.005) | .006(.018) |
| Substance Dependence x Time2 | .00003(.00002) | .00003(.00002) | .000001(.00002) | .00001(.00002) | .0001(.00005) | - |
| Constant | 11.006(.230)** | 7.787(.204)** | 11.609(.240)** | 12.008(.234)** | 95.245(.467)** | 12.275(1.924)** |
| WMS Visual Reproduction c | - | - | - | - | - | .554(.192)** |
| Random Effects: Participant | 2.125 | 1.673 | 2.351 | 2.397 | 3.661 | 3.881 |
a
WISC-R (baseline, 6 month, and 1 year follow-ups) and WAIS-R (years 2–10).
b
CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; CVLT-II administered at years 8 and 10.
c
Rey Osterrieth Complex Figure test (ROCF; administered at years 8 and 10) analysis controlled for Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) Visual Reproduction performance at intake.
*
p≤.05;
**
p<.01