Table 3.

Comparative impact of various population interventions on annual reductions in cardiovascular events

	Change in absolute number of events (SD) and percent change from expected
	Incident CHD	Total myocardial infarction	Incident Stroke	All-cause mortality
Salt reduction
1 gm/day - Low	−22,000 (2,000) −2.0%	−20,000 (1,800) −2.6%	−13,000 (1,800) −1.7%	−17,000 (2,400) −0.9%
High	−37,000 (3,300) −3.3%	−32,000 (2,900) −4.2%	−20,000 (2,900) −2.7%	−28,000 (3,800) −1.4%
2 gm/day – Low	−44,000 (4,000) −4.0%	−39,000 (3,500) −5.1%	−25,000 (3,500) −3.4%	−34,000 (4,600) −1.7%
High	−71,500 (6,300) −6.4 %	−62,500 (5,400) −8.1%	−40,000 (5,400) −5.3%	−55,000 (7,500) −2.8%
3 gm/day - Low	−66,000 (5,800) −5.9%	−58,000 (5,100) −7.6%	−37,000 (5,100) −5.0%	−51,000 (7,100) −2.6%
High	−110,000 (9,200) −9.6%	−92,000 (7,800) −12.0%	−59,000 (8,100) −7.8%	−81,000 (11,000) −4.1%
Smoking cessation*	−41,000 (10,000) −3.7%	−92,000 (14,000) −11.9%	−32,000 (13,000) −4.4%	−84,000 (9,300) −4.3%
Weight loss†	−59,000 (3,500) −5.3%	−61,000 (3,200) −8.0%	−5,600 (600) −0.7%	−36,000 (2,000) −2.0%
Cholesterol treatment for primary prevention ‡	−52,000 (5,600) −5.3%	−17,000 (1,800) −2.9%	−6,600 (200) −0.9%	−5.400 (540) −0.3%
Blood pressure treatment with medications among hypertensive individuals§	−100,000 (11,000) −9.3%	−100,000 (9,700) −13.1%	−69,000 (11,000) −9.3%	−80,000 (10,000) −4.1%

^*Elimination of 50% tobacco use/exposure

^†5 percent reduction in BMI among obese adults

^‡Full adherence to ATPIII guidelines in people with 10 Yr CHD risk <20%

^§Systolic blood pressure reduction in hypertensive individuals based on ALLHAT