Table 4.
Cost and effectiveness of salt reduction and hypertension treatment annually and cumulatively from 2010–2019
| Costs and QALYs for the US population (SD) | Costs and QALYs for the MediCare population(SD) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost of intervention (billions) |
Change in healthcare cost (billions)1 |
Change in QALYs (thousands) |
Cost per QALY |
Healthcare cost saved per dollar spent on intervention |
Cost of intervention (billions) |
Change in healthcare cost (billions) |
Change in QALYs (thousands) |
Cost per QALY |
Healthcare cost saved per dollar spent on intervention |
|
| Population reduction in dietary salt | ||||||||||
| 1gm/day | ||||||||||
| Low | $0.32 | −$4.1 (0.8) | 74.9 (8.8) | cost savings | $15.4 (3.0) | $0.3 | −$0.7 (0.06) | 46 (4.1) | cost savings | $2.5 (0.2) |
| High | $0.32 | −$7.0 (1.4) | 120 (14.6) | cost savings | $26.1 (5.2) | $0.3 | −$1.0 (0.1) | 72 (6.4) | cost savings | $3.8 (0.4) |
| 3gms/day | ||||||||||
| Low | $0.32 | −$12.1 (2.4) | 220 (26) | cost savings | $45.2 (9.1) | $0.3 | −$2.0 (0.2) | 135.0 (12.2) | cost savings | $7.3 (0.7) |
| High | $0.32 | −$20.4 (4.1) | 350 (42) | cost savings | $76.0 (15.4) | $0.3 | −$3.0 (0.3) | 208.3 (18.6) | cost savings | $11.1 (1.1) |
| Blood pressure treatment with medications among hypertensive individuals 3 | ||||||||||
| $19.5 (0.07) |
−$14.2 (2.7) |
360 (42) | $15,800 (9,900) |
$0.7 (0.1) | $9.3 (0.03) |
−$3.4 (0.3) |
260 (24) |
$23,300 (3,600) |
$0.4 (0.04) | |
| Cumulative cost and effectiveness of gradually reducing dietary salt over the decade from 2010–20194 | ||||||||||
| 1gm/day | ||||||||||
| Low | $2.72 | −$18.9 (3.8) | 220 (27) | cost savings | $7.0 (1.4) | $2.7 | −$4.3 (0.4) | 220 (20) | cost savings | $1.6 (0.2) |
| High | $2.72 | −$31.6 (6.5) | 350 (43) | cost savings | $11.8 (2.4) | $2.7 | −$6.1 (0.6) | 240 (21) | cost savings | $2.3 (0.2) |
| 3gms/day | ||||||||||
| Low | $2.72 | −$56.9 (11.5) |
650 (78) | cost savings | $21.2 (4.3) | $2.7 | −$12.1 (1.2) |
420 (37) | cost savings | $4.5 (0.5) |
| High | $2.72 | −$95.6 (19.6) |
1,000 (127) | cost savings | $35.6 (7.3) | $2.7 | −$18. (1.9) |
665 (58) | cost savings | $6.9 (0.7) |
1
Healthcare costs for the US adults population age 35 years and older, discounted at 3% over the decade
2
$1 per person estimate per year for the cost of a population-wide regulatory approach to salt reduction based on the World Health Organization estimate, US population of 306,913,687 as of July 2009. http://www.census/gov, discounted at 3% over the decade
3
Treatment of all hypertensive individuals to the degree observed in clinical trials25.and cost effectiveness analysis24
4
Gradual reduction from 2010–2019, with one third of the total reduction achieved in 2012, a second 1/3 in 2015, and a third 1/3 in 2019