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. 2011 Jan 31;55(4):1706–1716. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01053-10

FIG. 2.

FIG. 2.

Membrane permeabilization (A and C) and depolarization (B and D). We examined the role of membrane permeability by using the membrane-impermeable dye TO-PRO-3. (A) Bac8c at an inhibitory concentration (3 μg/ml) did not cause an increase in membrane permeability over time. (C) After 15 min, Bac8c at the MBC caused a 1-log increase in membrane permeability in approximately 14.5% of the population, while after 60 min 65% of the population was permeabilized (see Table 1). (B and D) In parallel, membrane depolarization over time was examined in E. coli by using the dye DiSCO(3)2. (B) At the Bac8c IC50, membrane depolarization occurred within 5 min, and the population recovered from the insult within 90 min. (D) Membrane depolarization occurred within 5 min at the Bac8c MBC, and over time depolarization increased to 64% after 30 min. After 60 min of exposure, depolarization increased to 74% (data not shown). OD600, 0.1.