FIG. 7.

Bac8c MOA timeline. After addition of Bac8c, the first two events that occur are a decrease in the redox potential, due to an increase in NADH, and partial membrane depolarization. Within 15 min, ATP is depleted, and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis occurs. At this time, over 50% of cells have completely depolarized, yet only 15% of this population is permeabilized. Within 30 min, there is less than 10% cell survival, and there is a corresponding increase in membrane depolarization and permeabilization. Within 60 min, most of the population observed is depolarized and permeated, and 99% of the population is nonrecoverable. After 60 min, the accumulation of both MG and free radicals can be observed.