Dynamics of killing and recovery of intestinal microbial populations upon antibiotic treatment. The numbers of microbial cells present in feces were determined through Sybr green staining before and several time points after mice received 20 mg of streptomycin through oral gavage. The numbers of mice used were 3 (0.25 and 1 day after treatment), 4 (0.5, 4, and 6 days after treatment), and 7 (0 and 2 days after treatment). ns, not significant (P > 0.05); *, P < 0.04; **, P < 0.002.