TABLE 3.
Season and sample no. | Sampling date (mo/day), codea | Sampling site/setting | Drinking or nondrinkingb | pH | Temp (°C) | Turbidity (NTU) | Residual chlorine (ppm) | Nitrite nitrogen (ppm) | Bacteria (CFU/ml) | Total coliforms/ 100 ml | E. coli/100 ml | Somatic phage (PFU/ 100 ml) | Male-specific phage (PFU/ 100 ml) | Pan- enterovirus | NoV genotype(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Summer | |||||||||||||||
1 | 7/16, KA19 | Gangwon-do/elementary school | Nd | 6.2 | 18.8 | 0.24 | 0 | 4.42 | 0 | Pc | Nd | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
2 | 7/28, KA28 | Gangwon-do/resort | Dr | 5.35 | 18.7 | 0.44 | 0 | 1.74 | 0 | P | P | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
3 | 6/30, KU05 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Dr | 8.23 | 20.4 | 0 | 0 | 1.08 | 4 | P | P | 100 | 0 | N | I-4 |
4 | 7/16, KU36 | Chungcheongbuk-do/troops | Dr | 6.67 | 20.1 | 0 | 0 | 2.45 | 203 | P | P | 8 | 2 | N | I-8, II-Yuri |
5 | 7/02, KU39 | Chungcheongbuk-do/youth hostel | Dr | 7.29 | 18.2 | 0 | 0 | 0.78 | 0 | P | N | 20 | 7 | P | I-5 |
6 | 8/11, KH18 | Chungcheongnam-do/youth hostel | Dr | 7.65 | 17.8 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 1.10 | 14 | P | P | 0 | 0 | N | I-5 |
7 | 8/01, KH32 | Jeollanam-do/house | Nd | 7.82 | 17.2 | 0.08 | 0.08 | 15.12 | 144 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
8 | 6/24, KH39 | Chungcheongnam-do/golf course | Dr | 6.65 | 17.0 | 0 | 0.11 | 5.04 | 28 | P | P | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
9 | 8/07, KW19 | Jeollabuk-do/youth hostel | Nd | 6.50 | 22.1 | 0.22 | 0 | 29.10 | 81 | P | P | 0 | 0 | P | I-2, II-4 |
10 | 7/31, KW24 | Jeollabuk-do/middle school | Nd | 6.50 | 19.8 | 0.35 | 0 | 1.46 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
11 | 8/01, KW27 | Jeollabuk-do/house | Nd | 6.10 | 18.3 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 2 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
12 | 8/26, KW31 | Jeju-do/golf course | Nd | 7.77 | 15.6 | 0.51 | 0 | 0.10 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
13 | 7/01, BU04 | Busan/high school | Dr | 6.70 | 17.0 | 0.17 | 0 | 3.70 | 4 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
14 | 7/02, BU07 | Busan/high school | Nd | 6.67 | 18.3 | 0.16 | 0 | 7.00 | 10 | N | N | 0 | 0 | P | II-4 |
15 | 7/02, BU08 | Busan/apartment | Dr | 6.91 | 19.9 | 0.94 | 0 | 3.60 | 14 | P | P | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
16 | 7/04, BU12 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/water supply facilities | Dr | 6.80 | 18.2 | 0.26 | 0 | 2.60 | 2 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
17 | 7/04, BU14 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/office | Dr | 7.20 | 14.0 | 1.56 | 0 | 0 | 210 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
18 | 7/08, BU15 | Gyeongsangnam-do/special school | Dr | 7.50 | 25.0 | 0.12 | 0 | 0.40 | 3 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
19 | 7/08, BU16 | Gyeongsangnam-do/youth hostel | Nd | 7.80 | 23.8 | 0.39 | 0 | 0.10 | 9 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
20 | 7/09, BU19 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/house | Nd | 7.50 | 22.0 | 0.32 | 0 | 1.50 | 40 | P | N | 1 | 0 | N | II-4 |
21 | 7/09, BU20 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/office | Nd | 6.50 | 24.0 | 0.33 | 0 | 0.10 | 2,700 | P | P | 1,000 | 27 | N | I-3, II-4, II-Yuri |
22 | 7/11, BU21 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/office | Nd | 7.40 | 24.2 | 0.35 | 0 | 0.10 | 8 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
23 | 7/11, BU23 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/office | Dr | 7.14 | 26.7 | 0.18 | 0 | 0.60 | 50 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
24 | 7/11, BU26 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Dr | 7.35 | 29.1 | 0.68 | 0 | 0.30 | 43 | N | N | 0 | 0 | P | II-4 |
27 | 7/15, BU29 | Ulsan/public bath | Nd | 6.90 | 25.0 | 0.25 | 0 | 2.20 | 166 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
25 | 7/14, BU30 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/youth hostel | Dr | 8.91 | 25.6 | 0.16 | 0 | 0.40 | 2 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
26 | 7/14, BU31 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/youth hostel | Nd | 8.54 | 25.5 | 0.21 | 0 | 0.10 | 4 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5 |
28 | 7/15, BU34 | Ulsan/apartment | Dr | 6.10 | 20.0 | 0.64 | 0 | 7.40 | 4 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
29 | 7/16, BU36 | Gyeongsangnam-do/middle school | Dr | 6.43 | 23.3 | 0.10 | 0 | 7.50 | 2 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
30 | 7/16, BU38 | Gyeongsangnam-do/middle school | Nd | 6.79 | 22.4 | 0.08 | 0 | 0.4 | 3 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
31 | 7/17, BU40 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/high school | Nd | 6.75 | 18.0 | 0.20 | 0 | 1.4 | 2 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
32 | 7/17, BU41 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/museum | Dr | 6.25 | 28.3 | 0.31 | 0 | 1.60 | 14 | P | P | 1 | 0 | N | II-4 |
33 | 7/17, BU42 | Gyeongsangnam-do/youth hostel | Dr | 7.38 | 17.3 | 0.46 | 0 | 0.30 | 88 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
34 | 7/21, BU44 | Gyeongsangnam-do/high school | Nd | 6.40 | 21.4 | 2.87 | 0 | 6.20 | 131 | P | P | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
35 | 7/17, BU45 | Gyeongsangnam-do/youth hostel | Dr | 7.60 | 25.0 | 0.11 | 0 | 1.40 | 26 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
36 | 7/17, BU46 | Gyeongsangnam-do/youth hostel | Dr | 6.20 | 24.5 | 0.10 | 0 | 3.40 | 12 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
37 | 7/23, BU49 | Busan/apartment | Dr | 6.4 | 21.0 | 0.21 | 0 | 4.20 | 17 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
38 | 7/23, BU51 | Gyeongsangnam-do/high school | Dr | 7.01 | 23.0 | 0.15 | 0 | 0 | 7 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
39 | 7/02, SN02 | Incheon/high school | Dr | 7.30 | 17.9 | 0.17 | 0 | 0.50 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
40 | 7/31, SN06 | Incheon/youth hostel | Dr | 6.10 | 20.0 | 1.47 | 0 | 1.37 | 7 | P | N | 0 | Te | N | II-4 |
41 | 7/02, SN07 | Incheon/elementary school | Dr | 6.19 | 19.8 | 0.06 | 0 | 0.96 | 0 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
42 | 7/10, SN09 | Incheon/elementary school | Dr | 6.93 | 20.2 | 0.23 | 0 | 5.03 | 0 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-6 |
43 | 7/03, SN12 | Incheon/youth hostel | Dr | 5.89 | 16.0 | 0.18 | 0 | 6.50 | 17 | P | P | 3 | 0 | N | I-1, -4 |
44 | 7/08, SN16 | Gyeonggi-do/gas station | Nd | 7.63 | 19.9 | 0.09 | 0 | 13.08 | 9 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
45 | 8/04, SN17 | Gyeonggi-do/factory | Nd | 6.65 | 19.5 | 0.45 | 0 | 8.93 | 16 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-6 |
46 | 8/04, SN18 | Gyeonggi-do/house | Nd | 6.61 | 17.5 | 1.13 | 0 | 2.15 | 34 | P | P | 0 | 1 | N | I-4, -6 |
47 | 7/23, SN20 | Gyeonggi-do/spring | Dr | 6.18 | 19.6 | 0.11 | 0 | 4.13 | 1 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-6, -8 |
48 | 6/23, SN28 | Gyeonggi-do/restaurant | Dr | 6.53 | 17.7 | 0.12 | 0 | 5.03 | 114 | P | P | 0 | 12 | N | I-6 |
49 | 8/05, SN29 | Gyeonggi-do/museum | Dr | 6.79 | 23.2 | 1.83 | 0 | 0.05 | 273 | N | N | 474 | 0 | N | I-1 |
50 | 8/04, SN31 | Gyeonggi-do/youth hostel | Dr | 6.26 | 18.4 | 0.17 | 0 | 4.46 | 17 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-6 |
51 | 7/31, SN32 | Gyeonggi-do/troops | Dr | 6.54 | 17.9 | 1.79 | 0 | 0.02 | 127 | P | P | 0 | T | N | I-1 |
52 | 6/26, SN34 | Gyeonggi-do/spring | Dr | 7.09 | 13.7 | 0.09 | 0 | 2.99 | 1,090 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-6 |
53 | 6/19, SN37 | Seoul/building | Nd | 8.20 | 18.3 | 0.13 | 0 | 1.02 | 14 | P | P | 0 | 0 | P | I-4 |
54 | 7/28, SN38 | Seoul/building | Nd | 8.46 | 29.6 | 0.41 | 0 | 0 | 270 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
55 | 6/17, SN40 | Seoul/building | Nd | 7.49 | 22.3 | 0.71 | 0 | 11.76 | 45 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-6, II-4 |
56 | 7/15, SN45 | Gyeonggi-do/troops | Dr | 6.87 | 16.8 | 0.40 | 0 | 1.19 | 17 | P | P | 0 | 0 | P | I-4 |
57 | 7/22, SN46 | Gyeonggi-do/youth hostel | Dr | 6.79 | 18.5 | 0.34 | 0 | 2.50 | 17 | P | P | 0 | 0 | N | I-1, II-4 |
58 | 7/24, SN47 | Gyeonggi-do/youth hostel | Dr | 7.09 | 16.3 | 0.23 | 0 | 1.43 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1 |
59 | 7/09, SN51 | Gyeonggi-do/community center | Dr | 6.94 | 17.4 | 0.09 | 0 | 17.56 | 8 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1 |
60 | 7/30, SN52 | Gyeonggi-do/Troops | Dr | 6.67 | 17.0 | 0.14 | 0 | 2.61 | 12 | N | N | 6 | T | N | II-4 |
61 | 8/05, SN53 | Incheon/farm | Nd | 7.25 | 16.4 | 0.52 | 0 | 10.46 | 10 | N | N | 0 | 3 | N | I-8 |
62 | 6/11, SN55 | Seoul/church | Nd | 7.02 | 21.3 | 0.66 | 0 | 14.17 | 5 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1, II-4 |
63 | 6/11, SN56 | Seoul/bus terminal | Nd | 6.92 | 19.3 | 0.16 | 0 | 12.81 | 4 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
64 | 6/26, SN57 | Gyeonggi-do/elementary school | Dr | 6.81 | 15.5 | 0.24 | 0 | 7.00 | 280 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1 |
65 | 7/28, SN58 | Gyeonggi-do/troops | Dr | 6.62 | 16.1 | 0.06 | 0 | 13.04 | 10 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
Winter | |||||||||||||||
1 | 11/03, KU01 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Nd | 7.66 | 16.6 | 1.10 | 0 | 0.01 | 47 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
2 | 12/01, KU21 | Incheon/office | Nd | 7.19 | 15.8 | 2.45 | 0.06 | 0.97 | 1,560 | P | P | 100 | 0 | N | I-3 |
3 | 11/25, KU29 | Incheon/elementary school | Dr | 7.91 | 13.0 | 0 | 0 | 2.33 | 2 | N | N | 20 | 7 | P | I-5 |
4 | 11/12, KU48 | Chungcheongbuk-do/golf course | Dr | 7.84 | 16.4 | 0 | 0 | 0.22 | 42 | N | P | 8 | 2 | N | II-4 |
5 | 11/18, KU52 | Chungcheongbuk-do/park | Dr | 7.69 | 11.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | N | P | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
6 | 11/17, KW05 | Daejeon/park | Dr | 6.07 | 15.7 | 0.13 | 0 | 6.51 | 6 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
7 | 11/13, KW06 | Daejeon/middle school | Nd | 7.31 | 15.6 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 2.85 | 0 | N | P | 0 | 0 | P | II-4 |
8 | 11/17, KW08 | Daejeon/high school | Nd | 6.69 | 16.7 | 0.30 | 0 | 6.75 | 28 | P | P | 0 | 12 | N | II-4 |
9 | 11/27, KW10 | Jeollabuk-do/village | Dr | 7.83 | 13.3 | 0.42 | 0 | 0.51 | 114 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
10 | 11/27, KW11 | Jeollabuk-do/village | Dr | 7.39 | 13.9 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.46 | 350 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5 |
11 | 11/18, KW14 | Jeollabuk-do/high school | Nd | 6.48 | 14.8 | 0.22 | 0 | 6.01 | 46 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
12 | 11/21, KW16 | Jeollabuk-do/house | Nd | 6.31 | 10.9 | 0.10 | 0 | 4.13 | 8 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
13 | 11/14, KW22 | Jeollabuk-do/park | Nd | 7.00 | 13.2 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.54 | 21 | P | P | 3 | 0 | N | II-4 |
14 | 11/11, KW23 | Jeollabuk-do/high school | Dr | 7.68 | 19.2 | 0.11 | 0 | 4.55 | 17 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
15 | 11/12, KW24 | Jeollabuk-do/middle school | Nd | 6.39 | 16.6 | 0.10 | 0 | 8.69 | 41 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5, II-4 |
16 | 11/12, KW27 | Jeollabuk-do/house | Nd | 6.24 | 16.1 | 0.26 | 0 | 5.31 | 19 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
17 | 11/26, KW30 | Jeju-do/golf course | Nd | 7.55 | 12.4 | 0.14 | 0 | 0.29 | 6 | N | P | 0 | 0 | P | II-4 |
18 | 11/07, BU05 | Busan/village | Dr | 6.48 | 22.8 | 0.25 | 0 | 0.79 | 0 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5 |
19 | 11/10, BU11 | Busan/village | Nd | 6.48 | 21.7 | 0.86 | 0 | 9.93 | 0 | P | P | 0 | 0 | N | I-5 |
20 | 11/11, BU13 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Nd | 6.8 | 21.7 | 23.50 | 0 | 1.18 | 3 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5 |
21 | 11/11, BU14 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Nd | 6.8 | 19.1 | 0.61 | 0 | 0.05 | 322 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-Yuri |
22 | 11/12, BU15 | Gyeongsangnam-do/village | Dr | 6.87 | 18.9 | 0.27 | 0 | 3.25 | 0 | N | P | 0 | 0 | P | II-Yuri |
23 | 11/12, BU16 | Gyeongsangnam-do/village | Nd | 6.85 | 15.5 | 0.75 | 0 | 3.23 | 7 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5 |
24 | 11/24, BU21 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Nd | 6.75 | 18.9 | 0.11 | 0 | 0.60 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-4 |
25 | 11/24, BU22 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Nd | 7.80 | 19.2 | 1.67 | 0 | 3.39 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5 |
26 | 11/13, BU23 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Nd | 6.70 | 13.5 | 0.17 | 0 | 0.51 | 2 | N | P | 0 | 0 | N | I-5, II-4 |
27 | 11/13, BU25 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Dr | 6.70 | 17.0 | 0.32 | 0 | 1.09 | 7 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-4 |
28 | 11/13, BU26 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Dr | 7.20 | 14.0 | 0.38 | 0 | 0.78 | 0 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5, II-4, II-Yuri |
29 | 11/14, BU31 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Dr | 8.49 | 24.4 | 0.14 | 0 | 0.05 | 44 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
30 | 11/24, BU33 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Nd | 6.56 | 19.2 | 0.09 | 0 | 1.79 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5, II-4, II-Yuri |
31 | 10/31, BU34 | Ulsan/village | Dr | 6.43 | 19.6 | 0.12 | 0 | 7.24 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-Yuri |
32 | 11/18, BU41 | Gyeongsangbuk-do/village | Dr | 6.90 | 18.7 | 0.14 | 0 | 1.70 | 12 | P | N | 1 | 0 | N | II-4 |
33 | 11/05, BU47 | Gyeongsangnam-do/village | Nd | 6.97 | 22.0 | 0.43 | 0 | 0.53 | 0 | N | P | 1,000 | 27 | N | II-Yuri |
34 | 11/10, BU48 | Busan/village | Dr | 6.62 | 16.6 | 0.74 | 0 | 4.58 | 768 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
35 | 11/11, SN05 | Incheon/elementary school | Dr | 6.95 | 15.0 | 0.3 | 0 | 7.39 | 61 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1 |
36 | 12/22, SN06 | Gyeonggi-do/troops | Dr | 6.45 | 12.9 | 0.18 | 0 | 0.82 | 0 | P | N | 0 | 0 | P | I-1, II-4 |
37 | 11/18, SN07 | Incheon/elementary school | Dr | 7.90 | 14.4 | 0.30 | 0 | 6.68 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1, II-4 |
38 | 12/02, SN10 | Incheon/troops | Dr | 6.56 | 13.7 | 0.10 | 0 | 5.03 | 6 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
39 | 11/27, SN11 | Incheon/elementary school | Dr | 6.88 | 14.0 | 0.12 | 0.75 | 11.54 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1 |
40 | 11/06, SN20 | Gyeonggi-do/spring | Dr | 6.38 | 15.4 | 0.37 | 0 | 4.25 | 5 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1, II-4 |
41 | 12/08, SN21 | Gyeonggi-do/factory | Nd | 6.68 | 16.5 | 0.09 | 0 | 5.47 | 0 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1 |
42 | 12/16, SN22 | Gyeonggi-do/spring | Dr | 6.94 | 12.6 | 0.14 | 0 | 1.62 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
43 | 12/10, SN26 | Gyeonggi-do/water supply facilities | Dr | 7.36 | 13.6 | 28.90 | 0 | 1.71 | 31 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1 |
44 | 12/15, SN32 | Gyeonggi-do/troops | Dr | 6.80 | 11.0 | 0.75 | 0 | 0.63 | 0 | P | P | 1 | 0 | N | I-1 |
45 | 12/12, SN33 | Gyeonggi-do/troops | Dr | 7.25 | 15.1 | 1.45 | 0 | 1.01 | 2 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-5 |
46 | 12/04, SN35 | Gyeonggi-do/park | Dr | 6.63 | 13.3 | 0.75 | 0 | 0.84 | 0 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
47 | 12/20, SN43 | Seoul/park | Dr | 6.63 | 12.3 | 0.20 | 0 | 5.24 | 0 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1 |
48 | 11/28, SN44 | Gyeonggi-do/park | Dr | 6.88 | 15.6 | 0.15 | 0 | 9.17 | 0 | N | P | 0 | 0 | N | I-1 |
49 | 12/20, SN46 | Seoul/park | Dr | 6.61 | 12.3 | 0.14 | 0 | 5.24 | 0 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1, II-4 |
50 | 12/20, SN48 | Seoul/park | Dr | 6.43 | 14.6 | 0.11 | 0 | 7.64 | 0 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
51 | 12/02, SN53 | Incheon/farm | Nd | 7.24 | 13.3 | 0.21 | 0 | 10.74 | 1 | P | N | 0 | 0 | N | II-4 |
52 | 11/06, SN56 | Seoul/bus terminal | Nd | 7.01 | 20.2 | 0.16 | 0 | 10.89 | 12 | N | N | 0 | 0 | N | I-1, II-4 |
The sampling codes were defined as the combined designation for the processing institute and the sampling location.
Dr, drinking; Nd, nondrinking.
P, present.
N, not detected.
T, too numerous to count.