Effects of acetate, butyrate, and formate on solvent production by C. acetobutylicum DSM 1731(pIMP1). Symbols: □, ethanol; ▧, acetone; ░⃞, butanol. The strain was cultivated anaerobically at 37°C in 7.5% corn mash with different concentrations of acetate, butyrate, and formate. Values shown are means of triplicate determinations. Error bars represent standard deviations (n = 3).