Backwash batch kinetic test k1THM/kTOTNH3 ratios and associated 95% confidence limits. A, B, C, and D correspond to experiments conducted with backwash from trains A, B, C, and D, respectively. For comparison purposes, k1THM/kTOTNH3 ratios were also calculated using equation 1 and biofilter performance data. LA, Lake Austin; NO, N. oligotropha enrichment.