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. 2011 Mar;49(3):834–844. doi: 10.1128/JCM.01952-10

Table 3.

Univariate and multivariate analysis of risk factors for clustering, Rhode Island, 1995-2004

Characteristica Unique and clustered strains
Clustered vs unique
Unique (n = 168)
Clustered (n = 97)
Crude OR (95% CI) Adjusted OR (95% CI) P
No. % No. %
Sex
    Female 68 40.5 33 34.0 1.00 (reference) 1.00 0.53
    Male 100 59.5 64 66.0 1.32 (0.76–2.30) 1.20 (0.68–2.14)
Age group (yr)
    0–29 36 21.4 27 27.8 1.00 1.00 0.64
    30–44 37 22.0 18 18.6 0.65 (0.31–1.38) 0.76 (0.32–1.80)
    45–64 49 29.2 30 30.9 0.82 (0.42–1.60) 0.85 (0.39–1.82)
    >65 46 27.4 22 22.7 0.64 (0.31–1.30) 0.60 (0.24–1.49)
Country of origin
    Foreign born 121 72.0 55 56.7 1.00 1.00 <0.01
    US born 47 28.0 42 43.3 1.97 (1.12–3.43) 5.54 (2.25–13.65)
Race/ethnicity
    Black 37 22.0 7 7.2 1.00 1.00 <0.01
    White 50 29.8 37 38.1 3.91 (1.57–9.74) 3.35 (1.20–9.33)
    Hispanic 41 24.4 33 34.0 4.25 (1.68–10.77) 8.58 (2.97–24.75)
    Asian/Pacific Islander 39 23.2 20 20.6 2.71 (1.03–7.16) 6.00 (1.98–18.18)
Medical insurance
    No 51 30.4 41 42.3 1.00 1.00 0.03
    Yes 82 48.8 38 39.2 0.58 (0.32–1.05) 0.41 (0.18–0.93)
    Unknown* 35 20.8 18 18.6
Employment
    No 50 29.8 43 44.3 1.00
    Yes 75 44.6 36 37.1 0.56 (0.30–1.03)
    Unknown* 43 25.6 18 18.6
HIV status
    Negative 111 66.1 60 61.9 1.00
    Positive 19 11.3 7 7.2 0.68 (0.23–1.82)
    Unknown* 38 22.6 30 30.9
History of latent TB
    No 112 66.7 68 70.1 1.00
    Yes 27 16.1 13 13.4 0.79 (0.35–1.72)
    Unknown* 29 17.3 16 16.5
Prior history of active TB
    No 150 89.3 90 92.8 1.00
    Yes 10 6.0 4 4.1 0.67 (0.15–2.40)
    Unknown* 8 4.8 3 3.1
Sputum AFB smear result
    Negative 80 47.6 52 53.6 1.00
    Positive 61 36.3 33 34.0 0.83 (0.46–1.49)
    Unknown* 27 16.1 12 12.4
Site of disease
    Extrapulmonary 37 22.0 22 22.7 1.00
    Pulmonary 131 78.0 75 77.3 0.96 (0.51–1.85)
History of drug use
    No 158 94.0 89 91.8 1.00
    Yes 5 3.0 5 5.2 1.78 (0.40–7.92)
    Unknown* 5 3.0 3 3.1
Excessive alcohol use
    No 126 75.0 63 64.9 1.00
    Yes 33 19.6 26 26.8 1.58 (0.83–2.98)
    Unknown* 9 5.4 8 8.2
Underlying medical condition
    No 123 73.2 69 71.1 1.00
    Yes 45 26.8 28 28.9 1.11 (0.61–2.00)
Drug resistance
    No 134 79.8 87 89.7 1.00
    Yes 34 20.2 9 9.3 0.40 (0.16–0.91)
    Unknown* 0 0.0 1 1.0
Treatment outcome
    Completed treatment 134 79.8 79 81.4 1.00
    Died before treatment completed 17 10.1 4 4.1 0.40 (0.13–1.23)
    Lost to follow-up 11 6.5 8 8.2 1.23 (0.48–3.20)
    Unknown* 6 3.6 6 6.2
a

*, Not included in χ2 and OR calculations.