Table 2.
Distribution of Cryptosporidium species/genotypes and subtypes in pre-weaned dairy cattle in different countries
| Country | No. of isolates | Cryptosporidium species (no. of positive isolates)a | C. parvum subtype(s) (no. of isolates) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 161 | C. parvum (138), C. bovis (14), C. ryanae (8), C. andersoni (1) | 32 | |
| United States | 23 | C. parvum (6), C. bovis (9), C. ryanae (5), C. bovis-C. ryanae (3) | IIaA15G2R1 (6) | 11 |
| United States | 175 | C. parvum (175) | IIaA15G2R1 (135), IIaA15G2R2 (11), IIaA11G2R1 (11), IIaA17G2R1 (10), IIaA18G2R1 (7), IIaA19G2R1 (4) | 46 |
| United States | 110 | C. parvum (107), C. bovis (3) | IIaA15G2R1 (91) | 31 |
| United States | 74 | C. parvum (44), C. bovis (25), C. ryanae (5) | 38 | |
| Canada | 44 | C. parvum (44) | IIaA15G2R1 (10), IIaA16G2R1 (9), IIaA16G3R1 (8), IIaA16G1R1 (4), IIaA13G2R1 (2), IIaA17G2R1 (2), IIaA18G3R1 (1) | 40 |
| Canada | 5 | C. parvum (5) | 6 | |
| Belgrade, Serbia, and Montenegro | 62 | C. parvum (62) | IIaA16G1R1 (6), IIlA16 (4), IIaA18G1R1 (2), IIaA20G1R1 (2), IIdA18G1b (2), IIlA17 (2) | 23 |
| Belgium | 73b | C. parvum (67), C. bovis (6) | IIaA15G2R1 (52), IIaA16G2R1 (2), IIaA14G2R1 (1), IIaA13G2R1 (1) | 12 |
| Demark | 90 | C. parvum (74), 12 C. bovis (12), C. ryanae (3), atypical isolate (1) | 18 | |
| Hungary | 22 | C. parvum (21), 1 C. ryanae (1) | IIaA16G1R1 (15), IIaA17G1R1 (3), IIaA18G1R1 (1), IIdA19G1 (1), IIdA22G1 (1) | 28 |
| Germany | 134c | C. parvum (134) | IIaA15G2R1 (43), IIaA14G2R1 (2), IIaA17G2R1 (2), IIaA18G2R1 (2), IIaA21R1 (1), IIaA22G1R1 (1), IIaA16G1R1 (1), IIdA22G1 (1) | 4 |
| Slovenia | 51 | C. parvum (45), C. bovis (3), C. ryanae (3) | IIaA15G2R1 (27), IIaA16G1R1 (6), IIaA13R1 (5), IIaA16R1 (3), IIIA16R2 (2), IIlA18R2 (2) | 35 |
| Estonia | 1d | C. parvum (1) | 19 | |
| Netherlands | 160e | C. parvum (160) | IIaA15G2R1 (89), IIaA17G1R1 (14), IIaA16G3R1 (6), IIaA13G2R1 (2), IIaA14G2R1 (2), IIaA17G2R1 (2), IIaA18G4R1 (2), IIaA18R1 (2), IIaA19G2R1 (2), IIaA11G2R1 (1), IIaA12G2R1 (1), IIaA16G1R1 (1), IIaA16G2R1 (1), IIaA18G3R1 (1), IIaA19G1R1 (1), IIaA21G3R1 (1), IIlA24 (1) | 43 |
| Spain | 149 | C. parvum (147), C. bovis (2) | IIaA15G2R1 (106), IIaA16G3R1 (14), IIaA18G3R1 (8), IIaA16G2R1 (4), IIaA19G3R1 (2), IIdA23G1 (2) | 30 |
| Spain | 27 | C. parvum (27) | IIaA15G2R1 (26), IIaA13G1R1 (1) | 7 |
| Sweden | 73 | C. parvum (15), C. bovis (54), C. ryanae (4) | IIaA18G1R1 (2), IIaA21G1R1 (2), IIdA20G1e (2), IIdA23G1 (2), IIdA16G1c (1), IIaA16G1R1 (1) | 33 |
| Northern Ireland | 224 | C. parvum (213), C. bovis (8), C. ryanae (3) | IIaA18G3R1 (120), IIaA15G2R1 (28), IIaA17G2R1 (19), IIaA19G4R1 (15), IIaA20G3R1 (6), IIaA19G3R1 (5), IIaA17G3R1 (5), IIaA20G5R1 (3), IIaA18G2R1 (2), IIaA20G2R1 (2), IIaA16G3R1 (1), IIaA17G1R1 (1), IIaA18R1 (1), IIaA19G2R (1), IIaA20G4R1 (1), IIaA21G2R1 (1), IIa-unknown (5) | 39 |
| England | 54 | C. parvum (50), C. bovis (3), C. ryanane (1) | IIaA15G2R1 (35), IIaA17G1R1 (7), IIaA16G3R1 (4), IIaA19G1R1 (2), IIaA18G1R1 (2), IIaA14G2R1 (1) | 5 |
| England and Wales | 31 | C. parvum (29), C. bovis (2) | IIaA17G1R1 (10), IIaA15G2R1 (3) | 34 |
| Zambia | 32 | C. parvum (22), C. bovis (10) | 13 | |
| Tunisia | 7 | C. parvum (7) | 36 | |
| Egypt | 26 | C. parvum (24), C. andersoni (2) | IIdA20G1 (23), IIaA15G2R1 (1) | 3 |
| New Zealand | 33 | C. parvum (33) | 20 | |
| Australia | 7 | C. parvum (7) | IIaA15G2R1 (2), IIaA18G3R1 (5) | 25 |
| Australia | 124 | C. parvum (124) | IIaA19G3R1a (80), IIaA20G2R1 (9), IIaA20G4R1 (9), IIaA23G3R1 (9), IIaA16G3R1 (7), IIaA18G2R1a (2), IIaA18G2R1b (1), IIaA18G4R1 (1), IIaA19G3R1b (1), IIaA20G3R1 (1), IIaA21G3R1 (1), IIaA17G2R1 (1) | 24 |
| Japan | 3 | C. parvum (3) | IIaA15G2R1 (3) | 1 |
| Japan | 33 | C. parvum (32), C. bovis (1) | 15 | |
| China | 5 | C. bovis (4), 1 C. ryanae (1) | 11 | |
| India | 6 | C. bovis (5), C. parvum (1) | 11 | |
| India | 138 | C. parvum (138) | 26 | |
| India | 8 | C. parvum (6), C. bovis (1), C. ryanae (1) | 17 | |
| Iran | 40 | C. parvum (34), C. bovis (4), C. andersoni (1), C. parvum subgenotype (1) | 16 |
a
Mixed infections are indicated with a hyphen.
b
Cryptosporidium-positive samples were collected from animals younger than 10 weeks of age.
c
The 134 samples were positive for oocysts by microscopic analysis.
d
This isolate was from a <3-month-old calf.
e
The mean age of cattle was 13 days (range, 2 to 125 days), with only 7% of cattle older than 3 weeks.