Table 2.
Antimicrobial resistance rates of S. Heidelberg isolates examined in the present study and of those reported from previous studies
| Antimicrobial(s) | Rate of resistancea (%) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | F | |
| Chloramphenicol | 2.6 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 27.5 | 2.8 | 1.0 |
| Tetracycline | 32 | 22.4 | 19.1 | 70.7 | 28.9 | 39.9 |
| Ceftriaxone | 0 | 0 | 2.1 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 |
| Ceftiofur | 10 | 7.1 | NDb | 18.9 | 3.3 | 9.0 |
| Cefoxitin | 9 | 7.1 | 4.2 | 25.8 | 3.3 | 9.0 |
| Ampicillin | 25.6 | 18.4 | 8.5 | 32.7 | 15.6 | 19.8 |
| Amoxicillin/clavulanate | 11.5 | 7.1 | 2.1 | 27.5 | 5 | 10.4 |
| Amikacin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Gentamicin | 10.3 | 16.3 | 4.2 | 17.2 | 24.4 | 25.7 |
| Kanamycin | 23.1 | 11.2 | 12.7 | 51.7 | 21.1 | 21.5 |
| Streptomycin | 28.2 | 12.2 | 17 | 62.1 | 30.6 | 37.8 |
| Sulfonamides | 11.5 | 18.4 | 6.3 | 29.3 | 21.7 | 27.7 |
| Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | 1.3 | 0 | ND | 24.1 | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Ciprofloxacin | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Nalidixic acid | 0 | 0 | ND | 0 | 1.1 | 1.0 |
A, antimicrobial resistance rates of the isolates examined in the present study; B, antimicrobial resistance rates of S. Heidelberg human isolates presented in the 2007 Executive Report from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System (NARMS) program (8); C, antimicrobial resistance rates reported by Patchanee et al. for S. Heidelberg isolates from human patients (19); D, overall antimicrobial resistance rates reported by Lynne et al. (2009) for S. Heidelberg isolates from food animals (cattle, swine, chicken, and turkey) (15); E, antimicrobial resistance rates reported by Kaldhone et al. (2008) for S. Heidelberg isolates from turkey production and processing sources and retail ground turkey (13); F, antimicrobial resistance rates reported by Zhao et al. (2008) for S. Heidelberg isolates from retail meats (24).
ND, not determined.