Fig. 1.

The locations of sampling grouper aquaculture farms in southern Taiwan. Taiwan encompasses subtropical and tropical regions and is suitable for culturing groupers. Grouper samples were collected from 24 different grouper aquaculture farms in eight regions (gray circles): An-Nan (n = 2 farms), Anping (n = 2), Budai (n = 2), Cigu (n = 3), Jiading (n = 5), Kunshen (n = 5), Linbian (n = 1), and Linyuan (n = 4). The white ring indicates the location of National Cheng Kung University. (Modified from a map available at http://mapsof.net under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 1.0 License.)