TABLE 1.

Viruses induce SOCS proteins and exploit their functions to promote viral replication

Virus	SOCS protein	Functiona
Coxsackievirus	SOCS1	Inhibits IFN-α, IFN-β, and CT-1 signaling
	SOCS3	Inhibits CT-1 signaling
Ebola virus	SOCS1	May ubiquitinate VP40 to enhance progeny virus production
HBV	SOCS1	Inhibits IFN-α production
	SOCS3	Inhibits IFN-α production
HCV	SOCS1	Increased expression in T cells decreases T cell activation and IFN-γ production; decreased expression in B cells increases B cell activation, proliferation, and Ab production
	SOCS3	Inhibits IFN-α signaling
HSV-1	SOCS1	Inhibits IFN-γ signaling
	SOCS3	Inhibits IFN-α and IFN-β signaling and IFN-α production
HIV-1	SOCS1	Ubiquitinates HIV-1 Gag to enhance progeny virus production
	SOCS1/SOCS3	Inhibits IL-4 to prevent Ab class switching; inhibits IL-10 to prevent Ab production
	SOCS2	Inhibits IFN-γ signaling
	SOCS3	Inhibits IFN-β signaling
Influenza virus	SOCS3	Inhibits IFN-β signaling
RSV	CIS	Inhibits IFN-α signaling
	SOCS1	Inhibits IFN-α signaling
	SOCS3	Inhibits IFN-α signaling

^aAb, antibody.