FIG. 3.

Elimination of deleterious mutations of RDV after three passages through VCM. Cells in VCM were inoculated with crude sap of rice leaves infected with RDV strain O that had been maintained for 3 years in rice plants (3) at an MOI of 1 in the first passage. Macerates of the infected cells were further inoculated into healthy VCM as a second passage. The procedure was repeated up to the third passage. Sequence analysis was performed 10 days after inoculation for each passage. The bars represent the percentages of cDNA clones with deleterious mutations. Ten cDNAs were sequenced in each assay, all assays were performed three times, and the values are expressed as means ± SD.