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Transcription from nonintegrated HIV-1 cDNA templates results in expression of Nef. Late reverse transcription DNA products (total viral cDNA) (a), integrated viral DNA (b), and multiply spliced viral RNA (c) were analyzed by qPCR 72 h p.i. The presence of Nef was assayed by Western blot analysis (d). Error bars show standard deviations (SD). Results for panels a to c are derived from 3 independent experiments, and panel d shows representative data. RAL, raltegravir.
