Table 3. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) for the association of factors with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)2+ for all HIV-infected women and for those women harboring high-risk human papillomavirus (HR HPV) infection.
| All women | HR HPV infected | |||||
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | ||||
| Variable | PR | 95%Cl | PR | 95%Cl | PR | 95%Cl |
| Age (years) | ||||||
| <35 | 2.03 | 0.84–4.85a | 3.22 | 1.23–8.39b | 1.69 | 0.73–3.94a |
| ≥35 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Non-white | 0.98 | 0.43–2.21 | 1.43 | 0.47–2.29 | ||
| Years of formal education | ||||||
| <5 | 0.50 | 0.14–1.73 | 0.53 | 0.16–1.79 | ||
| 5–8 | 0.89 | 0.36–2.17 | 0.92 | 0.36–2.18 | ||
| >8 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Married/living with partner | ||||||
| Yes | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| No | 2.04 | 0.82–5.09a | 1.78 | 0.73–4.31a | ||
| Age at first sexual intercourse (years) | ||||||
| ≤16 years | 1.64 | 0.72–3.71 | 1.77 | 0.80–3.90a | ||
| >16 years | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Current sexual partners | ||||||
| Yes | 1.45 | 0.60–3.47 | 1.27 | 0.54–3.0 | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Number of lifetime sexual partners | ||||||
| 0–1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 2–3 | 0.26 | 0.04–1.47a | 0.26 | 0.05–1.14 | ||
| ≥4 | 0.96 | 0.29–3.16 | 0.86 | 0.27–2.73 | ||
| Current tobacco use | ||||||
| Yes | 2.70 | 1.18–6.17b | 3.69 | 1.54–8.78b | 3.71 | 1.67–8.26b |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Number of pregnancies | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| One | 0.25 | 0.04–1.50a | 0.36 | 0.07–1.96 | ||
| ≥2 | 0.70 | 0.21–2.32 | 1.21 | 0.38–3.87 | ||
| Number of vaginal deliveries | ||||||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| ≥1 | 1.53 | 0.62–3.77 | 1.95 | 0.84–4.52a | ||
| Use of contraceptive hormones (oral/injectable) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.59 | 0.08–4.17 | 0.46 | 0.07–3.05 | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Nadir CD4+ T-cell count (cells/mm3) | ||||||
| <350 | 3.43 | 1.03–11.33b | 6.03 | 1.50–24.3b | 2.47 | 0.77–7.84a |
| ≥350 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| Baseline CD4+ T-cell count (cells/mm3) | ||||||
| <350 | 1.79 | 0.74–4.37 | 1.13 | 0.48–2.66 | ||
| ≥350 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| AIDS defining illness | ||||||
| Yes | 1.97 | 0.79–4.88a | 1.66 | 0.73–3.75 | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| HAART for more than 60 days at cohort entry | ||||||
| Yes | 2.31 | 1.02–5.22b | 1.87 | 0.85–4.12a | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| Time since last Pap test | ||||||
| ≤1 year | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| 1–3 years | 1.06 | 0.44–2.54 | 1.11 | 0.48–2.60 | ||
| >3 years | 0.55 | 0.12–2.36 | 0.55 | 0.13–2.24 | ||
| Self-reported history of HPV | ||||||
| Yes | 1.71 | 0.69–4.26 | 1.33 | 0.54–3.17 | ||
| No/does not know | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||||
| VIN and/or VAIN | ||||||
| Yes | 4.26 | 1.60–11.29b | 2.68 | 0.99–7.24 | 2.51 | 0.98–6.44a |
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
a
p-value <0.20
b
p-value <0.05
HAART: highly-active antiretroviral therapy, VIN: vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia, VAIN: vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia.