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The 12 commonly affected signaling pathways in PDAC accompanied by the most commonly affected genes from these pathways.
| Regulatory pathway | Affected genes |
|---|---|
| Apoptosis | TP53 |
| DNA damage repair | TP53 |
| G1/S transition | CDKN2A/p16, CyclinD |
| Cell-cell adhesion | |
| Regulation of invasion | |
| Integrin signaling | |
| Homophilic cell adhesion | CDH1 |
| Embryonic signaling | |
| Notch pathway | |
| Hedgehog pathway | |
| Wnt pathway | |
| MAPK signaling | |
| c-Jun N-terminal kinase | |
| ERK | KRAS2 |
| TGF-β signaling | SMAD4 |
