Table 4.
Comparison of Baseline Characteristics by the Status of Incident Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures, Univariate Analyses.
| Characteristics | No AMD at both visits† | Incident Early AMD | P-value* | No or Early AMD at both visits | Incident Late AMD | P-value* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 908 | 286 | 1616 | 94 | ||
| Study Site | ||||||
| Baltimore, MD | 156 (78%) | 43 (22%) | 0.13 | 259 (94%) | 16 (6%) | 0.45 |
| Minneapolis, MN | 307 (73%) | 116 (27%) | 555 (96%) | 25 (4%) | ||
| Pittsburgh, PA | 239 (80%) | 61 (20%) | 419 (94%) | 26 (6%) | ||
| Portland, OR | 206 (76%) | 66 (24%) | 383 (93%) | 27 (7%) | ||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| Mean±SD | 77.4±3.4 | 78.6±3.4 | 77.9±3.6 | 80.0±3.5 | ||
| Median | 77.0 | 78.0 | <0.0001 | 77.0 | 80 | <0.0001 |
| Race | ||||||
| White | 774 (75%) | 259 (25%) | 0.022 | 1401 (94%) | 92 (6%) | 0.002 |
| Black | 134 (83%) | 27 (17%) | 215 (99%) | 2 (1%) | ||
| Education (years) | ||||||
| <12 years | 155 (78%) | 43 (22%) | 0.43 | 279 (94%) | 17 (6%) | 0.84 |
| >=12 years (High School graduate or above) | 753 (76%) | 242 (24%) | 1336 (95%) | 77 (5%) | ||
| Walks for exercise | ||||||
| Yes | 399 (74%) | 142 (26%) | 0.09 | 734 (95%) | 40 (5%) | 0.57 |
| No | 505 (78%) | 143 (22%) | 876 (94%) | 54 (6%) | ||
| Current smoker | ||||||
| Yes | 32 (76%) | 10 (24%) | 0.98 | 62 (95%) | 3 (5%) | 0.75 |
| No | 874 (76%) | 276 (24%) | 1552 (94%) | 91 (6%) | ||
| Any alcohol in last 30 days | ||||||
| Yes | 422 (72%) | 168 (28%) | 0.0002 | 787 (95%) | 42 (5%) | 0.45 |
| No | 486 (81%) | 117 (19%) | 828 (94%) | 52 (6%) | ||
| Self-rated health status | ||||||
| Good/Excellent | 769 (76%) | 239 (24%) | 0.65 | 1380 (94%) | 83 (6%) | 0.44 |
| Fair/Poor | 139 (75%) | 47 (25%) | 236 (96%) | 11 (4%) | ||
| History of diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | 59 (84%) | 11 (16%) | 0.10 | 88 (96%) | 4 (4%) | 0.62 |
| No | 849 (76%) | 275 (24%) | 1528 (94%) | 90 (6%) | ||
| History of hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 309 (74%) | 111 (26%) | 0.14 | 584 (95%) | 33 (5%) | 0.84 |
| No | 599 (77%) | 175 (23%) | 1032 (94%) | 61 (6%) |
AMD=Age-related macular degeneration; SD=Standard deviation.
*
P-values were obtained from T tests for age and chi-square tests for all other variables.
†
Excludes 18 subjects with late AMD at year 10 visit.