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Concentration-response curves (CRCs) of carbachol (CCh)-induced contractions. Control (solid symbol, solid line) and Tianma-treated (open symbol, dotted line) CRCs are not different from each other. No effects of Tianma treatment were seen in urothelium-intact (+UE) or urothelium-denuded (-UE) detrusor strips of either transverse (Tr) or longitudinal (Lg) direction.
