Table 4.
Percentage (%) mean scores of quality of life (QoL) domains before and after intervention among experimental and control groups. Higher scores denote lower worry, lower impact, higher satisfaction, and better total QoL
Group |
Experimental group |
Control group |
Between-group effecta |
|||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(QoL domains) |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
Within groupb |
Pre-test |
Post-test |
Within groupb | Size | P | ||||
M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | M | SD | |||||
Total worry | 77.74 | 11.90 | 71.84 | 12.86 | 4.91, P < 0.001 | 76.01 | 13.06 | 72.11 | 12.90 | 2.72, P = 0.007 | − 2.00 | 0.44 |
Physical impact | 70.50 | 16.36 | 69.03 | 15.10 | 2.82, P = 0.005 | 67.59 | 15.63 | 63.48 | 14.60 | 3.13, P = 0.002 | + 3.64 | 0.006 |
Social impact | 80.99 | 8.59 | 75.70 | 8.73 | 6.75, P < 0.001 | 79.27 | 9.36 | 67.72 | 12.81 | 6.90, P < 0.001 | + 6.26 | <0.001 |
School impact | 80.55 | 19.35 | 78.34 | 19.04 | 4.10, P < 0.001 | 80.40 | 20.35 | 74.95 | 19.24 | 3.78, P < 0.001 | + 3.24 | 0.03 |
Family impact | 56.94 | 17.94 | 58.38 | 17.37 | 1.90, P = 0.06 | 56.79 | 17.72 | 60.44 | 16.83 | 3.17, P = 0.001 | − 2.21 | 0.14 |
Total impact | 74.95 | 8.93 | 69.21 | 10.34 | 4.77, P < 0.001 | 73.32 | 9.19 | 67.43 | 12.95 | 4.03, P < 0.001 | + 0.15 | 0.42 |
Satisfaction with management | 71.73 | 13.35 | 70.34 | 13.86 | 2.13, P = 0.03 | 72.95 | 15.58 | 68.93 | 13.64 | 3.04, P = 0.002 | + 2.63 | 0.10 |
Satisfaction with social life | 77.50 | 13.88 | 70.44 | 14.93 | 5.32, P < 0.001 | 76.33 | 14.01 | 59.20 | 12.75 | 7.97, P < 0.001 | + 10.07 | < 0.001 |
Satisfaction with school life | 81.26 | 18.43 | 79.64 | 17.90 | 1.76, P = 0.08 | 77.46 | 20.40 | 65.60 | 17.49 | 5.32, P < 0.001 | + 10.24 | < 0.001 |
Total satisfaction | 75.45 | 10.77 | 69.92 | 11.26 | 4.67, P < 0.001 | 73.20 | 16.94 | 64.49 | 11.92 | 4.69, P < 0.001 | + 3.18 | 0.002 |
Total QoL | 75.66 | 8.32 | 71.28 | 10.29 | 4.25, P < 0.001 | 74.34 | 9.05 | 69.92 | 10.09 | 3.67, P < 0.001 | + 0.04 | 0.58 |
Notes:
Between-group effect sizes (experimental minus control groups) were adjusted for the results of the experimental and the control groups before the program using analysis of covariance;
Willcoxon test was applied to test the significance of the difference between pre- and post-test percentage mean scores.
Abbreviations: M, mean; SD, standard deviation.