Figure 2.

Insulin potentiates NMDA single channel activity. (A and B) Representative traces of NMDA-activated channels recorded in outside-out patches excised from control (A) and insulin-treated (B) oocytes expressing NR1–4a/NR2A receptors. Single-channel currents were elicited by application of NMDA (100 μM with 10 μM glycine) directly to the patch and recorded at V_h = −60 mV. (C) Insulin did not change single-channel conductance (γ = 37.3 ± 0.9 pS and γ = 37.2 ± 0.6 pS in control and insulin-treated oocytes, respectively). (D) Quantitation of nP₀ measured in outside-out patches from control and insulin-treated oocytes. (E) Distribution of channel mean open times in patches from control (○) and insulin-treated (●) oocytes.