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DM1 enhanced expression of several ostegenic marker genes in hMSCs compared to DM2 or control substrates when probed by qPCR in hMSCs cultured on each substrate for 3–21 days: (a) SP7, (b) IBSP, (c) RUNX2, (d) BGLAP (osteocalcin), and (e) COL1A1. Data were normalized to MRPL13 transcript level and reported as fold change in mRNA expression vs. TCP controls. # p < 0.05 vs. all groups, † p < 0.05 vs. FN and TCP, *p < 0.05 vs. TCP only (n = 3)
