(A) By E 8.5, wild-type embryos express T in the notochord and tail mesenchyme and have down-regulated or regionalized expression of (C) Oct4, (E) Nanog, and (G) Sox2 in the epiblast. In contrast, in E 8.5 Mesd-KO littermates, expression of (B) T in the extra-embryonic ectoderm and (D) Oct4, (F) Nanog, and (H) Sox2 in the epiblast was more consistent with that typically observed in a pre-gastrula embryo (Scholer et al., 1990; Wilkinson et al., 1990; Avilion et al., 2003; Chambers et al., 2003; Hart et al., 2004; Rivera-Perez and Magnuson, 2005), suggesting that Mesd-KO embryos were considerably delayed in development and that differentiation was blocked. Scale bars indicate 100μm. E 8.5 mutant embryos are oriented so the anterior-posterior axis is in the z-plane.