Survival and apoptosis. Protein expression bands and densitometric analysis of the survival genes survivin, phosphorylated Akt/total Akt (top), phospho/non-phospho ERK 1–2 and bcl-2/bax (middle), and p38MAPK and PI3K/PTEN (bottom). Under hypoxia, there was a decrease of survivin and a mild increase in the phosphorylated Akt/total Akt ratio, changes that were prevented by HPC. Hypoxia also decreased the ratio of ERK 1–2 and increased the protein expression of bcl-2/bax. Lastly, hypoxia modulated the expression of p38MAPK and PI3K/PTEN. *p<0.05 compared to control and Hypoxia + HPC, ¥ p<0.05 compared to control.