Promote survival of autoreactive GC B cells through the extrinsic apoptotic pathway |
lpr and/or gld
|
Lymphoproliferation, autoimmunoglobulin production, multiorgan lymphocyte infiltration and disease, glomerulonephritis |
72–74 |
CD19-conditional Fas−/−
|
Lymphoproliferation, abnormal GC activity, lymphadenopathy, autoimmunoglobulin-mediated destruction of kidney, liver, and lungs |
75 |
Promote survival of autoreactive GC B cells through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway |
Bcl-2 Tg |
Abnormal GC activity, enhanced cell survival, spontaneous production of autoimmunoglobulins, lupus-like glomerulonephritis. |
76–78 |
bim−/−
|
Abnormal GC B cell survival and selection, expanded plasma cell compartment, autoimmunoglobulin production, fatal glomerulonephritis |
79,80 |
Abnormal B-cell signaling and proliferation |
CD22−/−
|
Anti-dsDNA, cardiolipin, myeloperoxidase IgG |
81 |
PD-1−/−
|
IgG3-mediated arthritis, glomerulonephritis, exacerbation of lpr phenotype |
82 |
|
FcγRIIB−/−
|
Antinuclear immunoglobulins, fatal autoimmune glomerulonephritis, multiorgan inflammation |
60 |
|
CD19-conditional Ptpn6 (Shp1 deficient) |
Unregulated B-cell proliferation, altered immunoglobulin responses, anti-DNA immunoglobulins, glomerulonephritis |
61 |
|
PKCδ−/−
|
Spontaneous GCs, unregulated proliferation, autoimmunoglobulin-mediated glomerulonephritis, multiorgan lymphocyte infiltration |
62 |
|
CD19 Tg |
Breakdown of peripheral tolerance and production of anti-HEL autoimmunoglobulins |
83 |
|
BAFF Tg |
Abnormal GCs, high levels of rheumatoid factors, circulating immune complexes, anti-DNA autoimmunoglobulins, deposition in the kidneys |
84 |
|
Lyn−/−
|
Impaired B-cell signaling and proliferation, increased serum immunoglobulin, antinuclear IgG, glomerulonephritis |
85 |
|
AID−/−
|
Autoimmune gastritis, exacerbation of BL/6/lpr phenotype, anti-dsDNA IgM, abnormal GC function, variable disease outcomes |
50,51,57,59,96 |