Table 1.
Clinical and Laboratory Characteristics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)–infected Infants Whose Mothers Started Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Postpartum
| Variable | Infants included in the analysisa (n=37) | Infants not included in the analysis (n=22) | Pb |
| Maternal CD4+ cell count at delivery, median cells/mL (IQR) | 186 (103, 221) (n=33) | 215 (105, 266) (n=21) | .59c |
| Maternal HIV load at delivery, median log10 copies/mL (IQR) | 4.93 (4.60–5.29) (n=33) | 4.57 (4.30–5.21) (n=18) | .19c |
| Maternal sdNVP exposure | 25 (67.6) | 15 (68.2) | >.99 |
| Infant HIV-infected at the visit where the mother first reported HAART use | 33 (89.2) | 17 (77.3) | .27 |
| Infant HIV-infected in utero | 17 (45.9) | 8 (36.4) | .59 |
| Infant HIV-infected by 6 weeks | 26 (70.3) | 14 (63.6) | .77 |
| Infant regimen | .48 | ||
| Control | 15 (40.5) | 11 (50.0) | |
| Extended NVP | 8 (21.6) | 6 (27.3) | |
| Extended NVP+ZDV | 14 (37.8) | 5 (22.7) | |
| First visit where the mother reported HAART use | |||
| By 3 months | 13 (35.1) | 6 (27.3) | .57 |
| By 6 months | 26 (70.3) | 11 (50.0) | .17 |
| Status of infant feeding at the visit where the mother first reported HAART used | .08 | ||
| Exclusive breastfeeding | 22 (59.5) | 9 (40.9) | |
| Mixed feeding | 10 (27.0) | 4 (18.2) | |
| No breastfeeding | 5 (13.5) | 9 (40.9) |
NOTE. Data are no. (%) of infants unless otherwise indicated. IQR, interquartile range; NVP, nevirapine; sdNVP, single-dose nevirapine; ZDV, zidovudine.
Infants were included if they had a sample collected within 6 months after the visit where the mother first reported that she was receiving HAART, and if a genotyping result was obtained for that sample.
P values are based on Fisher's exact tests, unless otherwise indicated.
Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
In the Post Exposure Prophylaxis of Infants–Malawi trial, some infants became HIV-infected after the mother reported that she had stopped breastfeeding (unpublished data); therefore, some women are likely to have continued to breastfeed after reporting that they had weaned their infants.