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. 2011 Apr;14(4):407–412. doi: 10.1089/jpm.2010.0328

FIG. 1.

FIG. 1.

Interaction between race and Medicaid insurance: the difference in end-of-life symptom management order (ESMO) protocol use between Medicaid and private insurance is much lower for white patients than non-white patients. Of 26 white patients who have Medicaid insurance, 13 were placed on the EMSO protocol. Of 144 white patients who have private insurance, 85 were placed on the EMSO protocol. Of 10 non-white patients who have Medicaid insurance, only 1 was placed on the EMSO protocol. Of 49 non-white patients who have private insurance, 26 were placed on the EMSO protocol.