Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| No fatty liver | Fatty liver | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 8120 | 2971 | |
| Age (yr) | 40.7 ± 6.3 | 41.4 ± 6.0 | <0.001 |
| No. of males (%) | 4626 (57%) | 2610 (88%) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8 ± 2.5 | 25.9 ± 2.4 | <0.001 |
| BMI class, no. (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Normal (<25 kg/m2) | 6569 (81%) | 1093 (37%) | |
| Overweight (25-29.9 kg/m2) | 1487 (18%) | 1722 (58%) | |
| Obese (≥30 kg/m2) | 48 (1%) | 152 (5%) | |
| Education, no. (%) | <0.001 | ||
| ≤12 yr | 2154 (28%) | 559 (20%) | |
| 12-16 yr | 727 (9%) | 206 (7%) | |
| ≥16 yr | 4913 (63%) | 2065 (73%) | |
| Exercise, no. (%) | <0.001 | ||
| None | 2376 (30%) | 805 (28%) | |
| <1 time/wk | 2680 (34%) | 1225 (42%) | |
| ≥1 time/wk | 2884 (36%) | 878 (30%) | |
| Smokers, no. (%) | |||
| Never | 4895 (62%) | 1171 (40%) | <0.001 |
| Past | 1207 (15%) | 747 (26%) | |
| Current | 1810 (23%) | 982 (34%) | |
| Alcohol (g/d) | 5 ± 6 | 7 ± 6 | <0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 112 ± 13 | 118 ± 13 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 73 ± 10 | 77 ± 10 | <0.001 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 66 ± 9 | 68 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dl) | 98 [73, 136] | 166 [122, 225] | <0.001 |
| HDL-C (mg/dl) | 55 [48, 63] | 49 [44, 55] | <0.001 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 92 ± 8 | 96 ± 9 | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin (μIU/ml) | 6.2 [5.2, 7.7] | 8.2 [6.4, 10.1] | <0.001 |
| Insulin quartile, no. (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Quartile 1 (<5.39 μIU/ml) | 2468 (30%) | 307 (10%) | |
| Quartile 2 (5.39-6.61 μIU/ml) | 2262 (28%) | 511 (17%) | |
| Quartile 3 (6.62-8.50 μIU/ml) | 2002 (25%) | 768 (26%) | |
| Quartile 4 (≥8.51 μIU/ml) | 1388 (17%) | 1385 (47%) | |
| Alanine aminotransferase (IU/liter) | 20 [16, 26] | 36 [26, 50] | <0.001 |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/liter) | 22 [19, 26] | 27 [23, 33] | <0.001 |
Data are expressed as mean ± sd or median [interquartile range], unless indicated otherwise. To covert triglyceride from mg/dl to mmol/liter, multiply by 0.0113; HDL-C from mg/dl to mmol/liter, 0.0259; glucose from mg/dl to mmol/liter, 0.0555; insulin from μIU/ml to pmol/liter, 6.945.