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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2011 Apr 4.
Published in final edited form as: Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2010 Mar 25;199(4):529–547. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2010.02124.x

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Mitochondrial ATP production rates were decreased in sedentary older compared to young subjects, but were similar in highly endurance trained young and older adults using substrates glutamate + malate (GM, panel A), succinate + rotenone (SR, panel B), and palmitoyl-l-carnitine + malate (PCM, panel C). Similar results were observed for citrate synthase activity (panel D). Mitochondrial DNA copy number corresponding to NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1 (panel E) and 4 (panel F) were lower in sedentary older adults. Endurance exercise increased mtDNA copy number in both age groups, but could not resolve the age-related decrement. Data are presented as means ± SEM. *Pairwise comparisons revealed significant (P < 0.05) effects of age within activity groups; **significant (P < 0.05) main effects of training. ■, young; □, older. Reproduced with permission from Lanza et al., Diabetes, 2008.