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. 2011 Mar;178(3):969–974. doi: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.11.051

Figure 2.

Figure 2

FGD1 and Cdc42 regulate hMSC osteogenesis. A: hMSCs were infected with lentivirus expressing GFP, FGD1DN, or Cdc42DN and cultured in osteogenic medium (OM) for 9 days. Cells were fixed and stained for alkaline phosphatase activity. Scale bar = 50 μm. B: Percentage of hMSC osteogenic differentiation in A. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 3. *P < 0.05 with GFP control (by Student's t-test). C: hMSCs were infected with lentivirus expressing different FGD1 or Cdc42 constructs as indicated and grown in growth medium (GM) for 14 days. Cells were fixed and stained for alkaline phosphatase activity. Scale bar = 50 μm. D: Percentage of hMSC osteogenic differentiation in C. Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 3. *P < 0.05 with GFP control (by Student's t-test). E: hMSCs were infected with lentivirus expressing different FGD1 or Cdc42 constructs and grown in GM or OM for 21 days. Cells were fixed and stained with Alizarin Red S. Scale bar = 200 μm. F: The overexpression of FGD1 constructs changed Cdc42 activity. hMSCs were infected with lentivirus expressing different FGD1 constructs and grown in GM or OM for 1 day. Active Cdc42 level was measured by pull-down assay (as described in Figure 1C). Data are represented as mean ± SD, n = 3.