Table 4.
Parasitaemia and Rapid Diagnostic Test Performance by Presenting Clinical Signs
| PfHRP2 |
pLDH |
||||||
| Variable | Total, no. (%) of patients | Positive slide results, no. (%) of patients | Parasite count, geometric mean parasites/μL (95% CI) | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) | Sensitivity, % (95% CI) | Specificity, % (95% CI) |
| Clinical signs | |||||||
| Reduced consiousnessa | 1344 (71) |
999 (74) |
42,730 (35,607–51,279) |
96.1 (94.7–97.2) |
58.6 (53.2–63.8) |
91.1 (89.2–92.8) |
79.7 (75.1–83.8) |
| Convulsions | 935 (49) |
669 (72) |
34,972 (27,744–44,082) |
94.3 (92.3–96.0) |
61.3 (55.1–67.2) |
87.7 (85.0–90.1) |
80.5 (75.2–85.0) |
| Shockb | 102 (5) |
72 (71) |
50,789 (24,707–104,403) |
97.2 (90.3–99.7) |
53.3 (34.3–71.7) |
90.3 (81.0–96.0) |
80.0 (61.4–92.3) |
| Severe respiratory distress and/or acidotic breathing | 663 (35) |
354 (53) |
41,675 (30,271–57,377) |
93.8 (90.7–96.1) |
80.9 (76.1–85.1) |
90.1 (86.5–93.0) |
94.5 (91.3–96.8) |
| Hypoglycemia | 145 (8) |
111 (77) |
132,645 (78,968–222,809) |
98.2 (93.6–99.8) |
50.0 (32.4–67.6) |
98.2 (93.6–99.8) |
73.5 (55.6–87.1) |
| Severe anemia with respiratory distress | 241 (13) |
207 (86) |
76,895 (53,610–110,294) |
98.1 (95.1–99.5) |
35.3 (19.8–53.5) |
96.6 (93.2–98.6) |
61.8 (43.6–77.8) |
| Hemoglobinuria | 19 (1) |
17 (89) |
29,713 (6,255–141,151) |
100 (80.5–100) |
50.0 (1.3–98.7) |
100 (80.5–100) |
50.0 (1.3–98.7) |
| Severe jaundice | 29 (2) |
20 (69) |
92,446 (31,960–267,405) |
100 (83.2–100) |
88.9 (51.8–99.7) |
100 (83.2–100) |
88.9 (51.8–99.7) |
NOTE. CI, confidence interval; PfHRP2, Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich-protein2; pLDH, Plasmodium lactate dehydrogenase.
a
Reduced consciousness included coma or prostration.
b
Shock included compensated or decompensated shock.