Table 1.

Immune responses after natural rotavirus (RV) infection

	Production of RV-specific protective		RV protein specificity of protective antibodiesa	Innate immune responses	Cell-mediated protective immune responses	Importance of α4/β7 homing receptor	References
Host species	IgG	IgAb
Mouse	+	+	VP7+, VP4+, VP6+	IL-15 induction+ NKC	CD8+	+	[34–44, 46–58]
Rabbit	+		VP7+, VP4+	?	?	?	[63–65]
Piglet	+	+	VP7+, VP4+ VP6-	?	?	?	[67–70, 73]
Calf	+		VP7+, VP4+	TLR-3 induction	?	?	[18, 75, 76]
Lamb	+	+	?	IL-4 induction	CD45+	?	[78. 79]
Human	+	+	VP7+, VP4+, VP6? VP2? NSP2? NSP4?	TLR induction ?	CD8+, DCs	+	[15, 16, 26, 27, 80, 81, 84, 85, 88–99, 106–118]

NOTE. DC, dendritic cells; IL, interleukin; NKC, natural killer cells; NSP, nonstructural protein; TLR, Toll-like receptors; VP, viral protein.

^aVP7, VP4: neutralizing; VP6, VP2, and other RV proteins: nonneutralizing.

^bIn serum or fecal samples.