Table 1.
Characteristics, unadjusted and adjusted odds ration of risk factors associated with mother-to-child HIV transmission by 12 month of life in a cohort of HIV-infected women, Pune India 2002-2007
| Total N (%) | HIV transmitted N = 97 | No HIV transmitted N = 686 | Unadjusted Odds Ration (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds ration (95% CI) | |
| MATERNAL CHARACTERISTICS | |||||
| Median Age, years (IQR) | 23 (21–25) | 24 (22–62) | 23 (21–25) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.11) | |
| Mode of delivery, n (%) | |||||
| C-section | 157 (20) | 18 (19) | 139 (20) | Ref | |
| Vaginal delivery | 626 (80) | 79 (81) | 547 (80) | 0.69 (0.65, 1.92) | |
| Median CD4 cell/μL (IQR) | 472 (316–667) | 356 (206–540) | 485 (333–682) | ||
| > 500 | 350 (45) | 29 (30) | 321 (47) | Ref | Ref |
| 350-500 | 179 (23) | 19 (20) | 160 (23) | 1.31(0.71, 2.42) | 1.18 (0.63, 2.22) |
| < 350 | 250 (32) | 2.70 (1.65, 4.21)*** | 2.20 (1.19, 3.48) | ||
| Median HIV RNA copies/ml (IQR) | 6294 (898–34200) | 48187 (11500–126101) | 4480 (687–24258) | ||
| ≤ 3 log10 HIV RNA | 207 (26) | 7 (7) | 200 (29) | Ref | Ref |
| 3−5 log10 HIV RNA | 491 (63) | 62 (64) | 429 (63) | 4.13 (1.86, 9.18) | 3.67(1.61, 8.32)** |
| > 5 log10 HIV RNA | 82 (11) | 14.8(6.14, 35.70) | 10.8 (4.25, 27.70)** | ||
| Antepartum zidovudine | |||||
| Yes | 510 (65) | 56 (58) | 454 (66) | Ref | Ref |
| No | 271 (35) | 41 (42) | 230 (34) | 1.45 (0.94, 2.23) | 1.25(0.76, 2.05) |
| Single-does nevirapine | |||||
| Yes | 510 (65) | 56 (58) | 454 (66) | Ref | Ref |
| No | 271 (35) | 41 (42) | 230 (34) | 1.45 (0.94, 2.23) | 1.25 (0.76, 2.70) |
| Maternal HAART use | |||||
| Yes | 54 (7) | 5 (5) | 49 (7) | Ref | Ref |
| No | 727 (9.) | 92 (95) | 635 (93) | 1.42 (0.55, 3.66) | 1.40 (0.50, 3.87) |
| Maternal TB (Prevalent or incident) | |||||
| No | 750 (96) | 87 (90) | 663 (97) | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 33 (4) | 10 (10) | 23 (3) | 3.31 (1.53, 6.20)* | 2.51 (1.05, 6.02)* |
| INFANT CHARACTERISTICS | |||||
| Premature birth | |||||
| No | 697 (89) | 81 (84) | 616 (90) | Ref | |
| Yes | 86 (11) | 16 (16) | 70 (10) | 1.74 (0.96, 3.14) | |
| Infant sex | |||||
| Male | 413 (53) | 48 (49) | 365 (63) | Ref | |
| Female | 369 (47) | 49 (51) | 320 (47) | 1.16 (0.76, 1.78) | |
| Birth weight, gms | |||||
| >2500 | 430 (62) | 51 (53) | 430 (63) | Ref | |
| <2500 | 301 (38) | 46 (47) | 255 (37) | 1.52 (0.99, 2.330 | |
| Breastfeeding | |||||
| < 4 month | 438 (58) | 46 (47) | 392 (59) | Ref | Ref |
| >4 month | 323 (42) | 51 (53) | 272 (41) | 1.60 (1.04, 2.45)* | 1.72 (1.70, 2.65) |
| Extended nevirapine | |||||
| Yes | 367 (47) | 41 (42) | 326 (48) | Ref | Ref |
| No | 433 (53) | 56 (58) | 357 (52) | 1.23 (0.81, 1.92) | 1.24 (0.79, 1.97) |
Table Legend: Characteristics that were assessed at time of delivery were CD4 cell count and HIV-1 RNA Logistic regression was used to calculate unadjusted and adjusted odd ration. Maternal religion, parity, hemoglobin at delivery, education status and mode of delivery were also assessed but were not fount to be significantly associated (data not shown). *p ≤ 0.05, **p<0.01,***p<0.001
HAART = highly active antiretroviral therapy