Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Women Whose Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infections Cleared versus Those Whose HPV Infections Persisted
| Clearance |
Persistence |
|||||
| Enrollment | (n = 678) | (n = 58) | P | |||
| Smoking | ||||||
| Never | 603 | (88.9) | 46 | (79.3) | .002 | |
| Former | 26 | (3.8) | 9 | (15.5) | ||
| Current | 49 | (7.2) | 3 | (5.2) | ||
| Oral contraceptive use | ||||||
| Missing | 1 | (0.1) | 0 | (0.0) | <.001 | |
| Never | 214 | (31.6) | 38 | (65.5) | ||
| Former | 299 | (44.1) | 16 | (27.6) | ||
| Current | 164 | (24.2) | 4 | (6.9) | ||
| Parity | ||||||
| 0-1 | 67 | (9.9) | 4 | (6.9) | <.001 | |
| 2 | 265 | (39.1) | 10 | (17.2) | ||
| 3-5 | 173 | (25.5) | 7 | (12.1) | ||
| ≥6 | 173 | (25.5) | 37 | (63.8)) | ||
| Age at first sexual experience | ||||||
| <16 | 165 | (24.3) | 16 | (27.6) | .5 | |
| 16 | 91 | (13.4) | 5 | (8.6) | ||
| 17-18 | 212 | (31.3) | 15 | (25.9) | ||
| ≥19 | 210 | (31.0) | 22 | (37.9) | ||
| Lifetime no. of sex partners | ||||||
| 1 | 238 | (35.1) | 26 | (44.8) | .007 | |
| 2-3 | 266 | (39.2) | 27 | (46.6) | ||
| ≥4 | 174 | (25.7) | 5 | (8.6) | ||
| Recent no. of sex partners | ||||||
| 0-1 | 635 | (93.7) | 56 | (96.6) | .6 | |
| ≥2 | 43 | (6.3) | 2 | (3.4) | ||
| Income, Colones | ||||||
| Missing | 31 | (4.6) | 8 | (13.8) | <.001 | |
| <15,000 | 152 | (22.4) | 26 | (44.8) | ||
| 15,000 to <25,000 | 187 | (27.6) | 9 | (15.5) | ||
| 25,000 to <35,000 | 133 | (19.6) | 5 | (8.6) | ||
| ≥35,000 | 175 | (25.8) | 10 | (17.2) | ||
| Marital status at baseline | ||||||
| Married or living together | 476 | (70.2) | 36 | (62.1) | .2 | |
| Divorced, separated, widowed, or single | 202 | (29.8) | 22 | (37.9) | ||
| HPV infections at baseline | ||||||
| Single | 398 | (58.7) | 21 | (36.2) | .001 | |
| Multiple | 280 | (41.3) | 37 | (63.8) | ||
NOTE. Data are no. (%) of subjects, unless otherwise indicated. Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to test for differences between viral outcomes for continuous variables, Fisher's exact tests were used for two category variables, and Pearson's chi-square for were used for three or more category variables.