Table 14.1.
Characteristics of agents targeting autophagy in lung cancer
| CLASS | AGENT | MECHANISM OF ACTION |
|---|---|---|
| Lysosomal Protease Inhibitors | E64d | Lysosomal Inhibitor (proteases) |
| Leupeptin | ||
| Pepstatin A | ||
| Vinca alkaloids | Microtubule Inhibitors | |
| Bafilomycin A1 | Increases Lysosomal pH | |
| Autophagy Sequestration Inhibitors | 3-methyladenine (3-MA) | Class I/III PI3K Inhibition |
| LY294002 | ||
| Wortmannin | ||
| Cycloheximide | Not established | |
| Caspase Inhibitors | M687 (Kim et al., 2008b); Merck | Not established |
| Z-DEVD | Not established | |
| Inducers of Autophagy | Arsenic Trioxide | Inhibition of mTOR (Kanzawa et al., 2005) |
| Butyrate & suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid | Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (Shao et al., 2004) | |
| Ceramide | Increased Beclin 1 (Daido et al., 2004) | |
| Rapamycin, RAD001 (Everolimus) (Lefranc et al., 2007) | Inhibition of mTOR (Albert et al., 2006; Cao et al., 2006; Kamada et al., 2000; Kim et al., 2006) | |
| Resveratrol (Opipari et al., 2004) | Not established | |
| Tamoxifen (Bursch et al., 1996, 2000) | Increased Beclin 1 expression (Scarlatti et al., 2004) | |
| Temozolomide | DNA Alkylation (Kanzawa et al., 2004) | |
| Endostatin (Chau et al., 2003) | Not established |