Table 1.
Characteristics of cardiac arrest tracheal intubation patients for outcomes analysis period 2003 to 2005.*
| Cardiac Arrests (n=21,753) |
Cardiac Arrest, Linked Cases Only (n=19,135) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | No. | (%) | No. | (%) |
| Patient age, y | ||||
| ≤6 | 478 | (2.2) | 319 | (1.7) |
| 7–17 | 283 | (1.3) | 228 | (1.2) |
| ≥18 | 20,869 | (95.9) | 18,511 | (96.7) |
| Unknown | 123 | (0.6) | 77 | (0.4) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 13,466 | (61.9) | 11,902 | (62.2) |
| Female | 8,075 | (37.1) | 7,095 | (37.1) |
| Unknown | 212 | (1.0) | 138 | (0.7) |
| Major injury/trauma | ||||
| No | 20,245 | (93.1) | 17,890 | (93.5) |
| Yes | 1,508 | (6.9) | 1,245 | (6.5) |
| Bystander-witnessed arrest | ||||
| No | 4,816 | (22.1) | 4,331 | (22.6) |
| Yes | 8,489 | (39.0) | 7,496 | (39.2) |
| Unknown | 8,444 | (38.8) | 7,308 | (38.2) |
| Bystander CPR | ||||
| No | 7,494 | (30.6) | 6,704 | (35.0) |
| Yes | 6,660 | (34.5) | 5,890 | (30.8) |
| Unknown | 7,595 | (34.9) | 6,541 | (34.2) |
| EMS automated external defibrillator use | ||||
| No | 19,701 | (90.6) | 17,334 | (90.6) |
| Yes | 2,052 | (9.4) | 1,801 | (9.4) |
| Initial ECG rhythm | ||||
| Nonshockable rhythm | 13,792 | (63.4) | 12,269 | (64.1) |
| Shockable rhythm | 3,184 | (14.6) | 2,793 | (14.6) |
| Unknown | 4,773 | (22.0) | 4,073 | (21.3) |
| Response time, min | ||||
| 0–3 | 4,208 | (19.3) | 3,690 | (19.3) |
| 4–6 | 7,351 | (33.8) | 6,515 | (34.0) |
| 7–10 | 5,796 | (26.7) | 5,140 | (26.9) |
| >10 | 4,394 | (20.2) | 3,788 | (19.8) |
| Unknown | 4 | (0) | 2 | (0) |
| Rescuer cumulative patient contacts (2000–2005) | ||||
| <1,000 | 5,248 | (24.1) | 4,568 | (23.9) |
| 1,001–2,000 | 7,081 | (32.6) | 6,279 | (32.8) |
| 2,001–4,000 | 6,068 | (27.9) | 5,343 | (27.9) |
| >4,000 | 3,356 | (15.4) | 2,945 | (15.4) |
| EMS agency population setting | ||||
| Nonurban | 11,560 | (53.1) | 10,126 | (52.9) |
| Urban† | 9,985 | (45.9) | 8,872 | (46.4) |
| Air medical | 166 | (0.8) | 102 | (0.5) |
| Unknown | 42 | (0.2) | 35 | (0.2) |
| Year | ||||
| 2003 | 7,853 | (36.1) | 6,840 | (35.7) |
| 2004 | 7,181 | (33.0) | 6,350 | (33.2) |
| 2005 | 6,719 | (30.9) | 5,945 | (31.1) |
|
Cumulative tracheal intubation experience (2000–2005) of rescuer performing tracheal intubation, No. |
||||
| 1–10 | 7,509 | (34.5) | 6,594 | (34.5) |
| 11–25 | 9,208 | (42.3) | 8,073 | (42.2) |
| 26–50 | 4,412 | (20.3) | 3,927 | (20.5) |
| >50 | 624 | (2.9) | 541 | (2.8) |
| Patient outcome (survival; linked cases only) | ||||
| Alive | N/A | N/A | 3,080 | (16.1) |
| Dead | N/A | N/A | 16,055 | (83.9) |
*
Column for linked cases reflects patients linked to hospital or death records in any of the 5 imputed data sets.
†
EMS agency located in Allentown, Erie, Harrisburg, Lancaster, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Reading, Wilkes-Barre, or York areas.