Table 1.
Characteristics of HIV-infected pregnant women according to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine intermittent preventive therapy during pregnancy and cotrimoxazoleTMP-SMX intake at Thyolo District Hospital antenatal clinic, Malawi (2005–2009)
| Drug Group |
|||||
| Characteristic | SP & TMP-SMX (n = 173) | TMP-SMX only (n = 334) | SP only (n = 557) | None (n = 57) | P Value |
| Age, median (range), y | 28 (18–40) | 27 (16–46) | 26 (16–45) | 27 (16–37) | <.0001§ |
| Gravidity, median (range) | 4 (1–9) | 4 (1–9) | 3 (1–11) | 3 (1–7) | .002§ |
| Primigravidae, n (%) | 8 (4.6) | 16 (4.8) | 44 (7.9) | 2 (3.5) | |
| Secundigravidae, n (%) | 25 (14.5) | 42 (12.6) | 112 (20.1) | 20 (35.1) | .0001γ |
| ANC visits, median (range) | 3 (1–5) | 3 (1–8) | 3 (1–8) | 2 (1–4) | .0001§ |
| <3 visits, n (%) | 40 (23.1) | 116 (34.8) | 236 (42.4) | 44 (77.2) | <.0001 γ |
| Any bed net use* | |||||
| Yes, n (%) | 110 (63.6) | 264 (79.5) | 271 (49.2) | 24 (42.1) | .001 γ |
| CD4 cell count (cells/μL) | |||||
| <200, n (%) | 19 (11.0) | 25 (7.5) | 65 (11.7) | 5 (8.8) | .05 γ |
| 200–499, n (%) | 100 (57.8) | 170 (50.9) | 296 (53.1) | 24 (42.1) | |
| ≥ 500, n (%) | 54 (31.2) | 139 (41.6) | 196 (35.2) | 28 (49.1) | |
| WHO HIV clinical stage | |||||
| 1 or 2, n (%) | 142 (83.0) | 298 (89.8) | 487 (87.4) | 52 (92.9) | .10 γ |
| 3 or 4, n (%) | 29 (17.0) | 34 (10.2) | 70 (12.6) | 4 (7.1) | |
| Antiretroviral drug use (%) | |||||
| Yes, n (%) | 142 (82.1) | 277 (82.9) | 128 (23.0) | 4 (7.0) | .0001 γ |
| Body mass index, mean (SD)** | 23.6 (2.5) | 23.7 (2.6) | 23.2 (2.4) | 23.4 (2.3) | .04π |
| MUAC in cm, median (range) ¥ | 25.4 (20.0–33.0) | 25.2 (20.0–35.0) | 24.1 (18.0–36.8) | 24.4 (20.6–30.8) | .001§ |
| Socioeconomic status, n (%) | |||||
| Poor | 59 (35.1) | 127 (38.5) | 230 (41.6) | 27 (48.2) | .52 γ |
| Middle | 69 (41.1) | 120 (36.4) | 203 (36.7) | 19 (33.9) | |
| High | 40 (23.8) | 83 (25.2) | 120 (21.7) | 10 (17.9) | |
| Married, n (%)† | 157 (90.8) | 302 (90.4) | 510 (91.7) | 47 (82.5) | .14 γ |
NOTE. Abbreviations: HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; SP, sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine; TMP-SMX, cotrimoxazole; OR, odds ratio; ANC, Antenatal clinic; WHO, World Health Organization; SD, standard deviation; MUAC, mid-upper arm circumference.
*Bed net use missing in groups: cotrimoxazole (TMP-SMX): n = 2; SP-IPTp: n = 6
**Body mass index missing in groups: TMP-SMX : n = 2; SP-IPTp: n = 2
Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) missing in groups: TMP-SMX & SP-IPTp: n = 1; TMP-SMX: n = 20; SP-IPTp : n = 2; None : n = 1
Marital status missing in group: None, n = 1.
Kruskal–Wallis test; γχ2 test; πanalysis of variance test.